There is a very simple formula that will help determine the quarter number for any given date from the list:
=INTEGER((MONTH(A1)+2)/3)
In the English version of Excel, this formula looks like =INT((MONTH(A1)+2)/3)
Function MONTH in this case retrieves the month number for a date, and WHOLE rounds the result to an integer.
If you need Roman (I, II, III, IV) and not Arabic numerals, then you can add the corresponding function to the formula:
=ROMAN(INTEGER((MONTH(A1)+2)/3))
=ROMAN(INT((MONTH(A1)+2)/3))
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