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Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease that affects men of all ages – it can be acute or chronic. The first symptoms are usually frequent urination with a lot of pressure, burning sensation when urinating, and pain around the perineum. The causes of prostatitis are bacteria and other microbes that enter the gland.
Prostatitis – definition
Prostatitis is a very common condition that affects men of all ages and affects the genitourinary system. Prostatitis can be chronic or acute. A chronic form of inflammation may indicate pelvic pain syndrome. Treatment, symptoms, and diagnosis of this condition vary according to its form.
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What is the prostate gland?
The prostate gland is part of the male urogenital system. The size of the gland is similar to that of a chestnut and lies at the base of the bladder. The urethra and the ejaculatory tubes, which are part of the seminal tract, pass through the prostate. The prostate gland produces a fluid that is rich in substances that contribute to the quality of the sperm.
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Prostatitis – causes
Acute prostatitis results from:
- bacterial infection (E. coli),
- viral infection (microorganisms enter the prostate with urine),
- urinary tract infections (e.g. cystitis),
- having a catheter in the urethra for a long time,
- performed urological procedures,
- the presence of prostatic stones that obstruct the outflow of urine,
- gonorrhea.
Sometimes the bacteria enter the prostate through blood or lymph.
Acute prostatitis is a serious disease that is sometimes accompanied by bacteria in the blood. Acute prostatitis requires immediate medical attention.
This type of prostatitis has various causes that are not fully known. When it comes to the causative agent of prostatitis, we distinguish:
- chronic bacterial prostatitis – it arises as a result of insufficient treatment of acute prostatitis. Chronic bacterial inflammation is caused by microorganisms. Moreover, the condition may be a complication of, for example, tuberculosis;
- chronic non-bacterial prostatitis – the causes of this ailment are unknown, although non-bacterial prostatitis is the most common form. It is probably caused by the accumulation of many factors, e.g. disturbances in nervous regulation, muscle tension in the prostate or urethra.
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Prostatitis – symptoms
Men who suffer from acute prostatitis complain of:
- perineal pain when sitting,
- fever,
- painful pollakiuria,
- burning sensation and purulent discharge from the urethra,
- pain in the perineum, groin, penis, anus, sacral part of the spine,
- urinary retention may occur due to swelling of the gland and pressure on the urethra,
- during rectal examination, the doctor finds that the gland is very painful and swollen.
The symptoms of chronic prostatitis are less severe and appear periodically. Men may complain of:
- pain in the perineum, external genitalia and the womb,
- erectile dysfunction,
- pain when ejaculating
- pain when urinating,
- unpleasant feeling of pressure on the bladder.
These symptoms create pelvic pain syndrome. The discomfort associated with these symptoms can lead to mental breakdown in patients.
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Prostatitis – diagnosis
Prostatitis is diagnosed after general and bacteriological urine tests. Sometimes the so-called a trial of three glasses, consisting in a general examination of urine before and after massage of the prostate. This test is often done to confirm chronic prostatitis. Inflammation of the prostate can cause significant difficulties during micturition, which may be related to the reflex contraction of the sphincter. One of the more serious complications of prostatitis is its abscess, which always requires surgical treatment.
Acute prostatitis is bacterial, therefore blood cultures and urine tests for bacteria are performed to confirm suspicions. Other tests used in the diagnosis of prostatitis include ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound, and the concentration of PSA prostate markers.
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Treatment of prostatitis
1. Treatment of acute prostatitis. This type of inflammation can be dangerous and serious, so appropriate treatment should be given as soon as possible. Doctors recommend that patients drink plenty of fluids and relax. Painkillers and antispasmodics can be used to relieve pain. However, the basis of prostatitis is the use of antibiotics. Usually this is oral use, but some critically ill people need to be given the drug intravenously. Sometimes urine is retained, which in turn requires the insertion of a catheter.
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Well-chosen treatment of acute prostatitis reduces the risk of recurrent chronic inflammation and other side effects.
2. Treatment of chronic prostatitis. Treatment of this type of ailments is difficult and long-lasting, depending on the causes. Treatments include antibiotics, preparations that relax smooth muscles, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as muscle relaxants and block the effect of testosterone on the prostate. Sometimes treatment with drugs turns out to be ineffective. In this situation, other methods of treatment are also used, e.g. hot sitz baths or changing the diet. Patients should eliminate alcohol, spicy foods and caffeine from their diet. Sometimes, in extreme cases, it is necessary to remove the prostate gland (when all other methods fail).
Due to the fact that inflammation of the prostate gland can have multiple consequences, we recommend performing preventive blood tests for men, which also include the determination of PSA – a marker of prostate cancer.
Prostatitis – complications
If not treated properly, acute prostatitis can turn into a chronic form of the disease that is more difficult to treat. Inflammation of the prostate can also cause abscesses to form around the prostate gland. An abscess can cause symptoms of inflammation to continue, although appropriate treatment has been given.
An abscess is a common complication that occurs in immunocompromised patients, diabetics, patients with renal insufficiency, and in people who have a catheter inserted into the urethra. It should be removed immediately as it is a source of infection. Moreover, complications that can infect a patient’s life are sepsis and septic shock. In order to avoid such side effects, one should not perform prostate massage and procedures through the urethra in the acute phase of prostatitis.
Prostatitis can also cause inflammation of other organs, such as the testes, epididymis and kidneys.
In order to avoid prostatitis, it is worth performing prostate massage, e.g. with a pear made of high-quality ABS plastic.