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Primary musculoskeletal tumors develop from bone-building tissues and from the surrounding tissues, such as the periosteum, nerves, muscles, vessels, and synovial membranes. Primary neoplasms include malignant and benign. The latter are characterized by slow growth, often asymptomatic. In turn, malignant tumors infiltrate the surrounding tissues, metastasizing the blood and lymph vessels.
Types of neoplasms of the hearing organ
1. Osteosarcoma
It is the most common malignant bone cancer, accounting for more than 60% of all malignant bone tumors. It usually develops in young people and is located at the epiphysis of long bones, mainly around the knee. Its main symptoms are:
- severe pain in the affected bone and joint,
- pain worsening with movements and at night,
- rapid tumor growth,
- weight loss
- anemia.
Osteosarcoma requires combination treatment (surgery and chemotherapy).
2. Chondrosarcoma
It is the second most common malignant bone cancer. In adults, it usually appears as a secondary form on the basis of chondromas or bone spurs. Chondrosarcoma develops very slowly and is very often diagnosed by accident. Metastasis occurs late and rarely. Diagnosis is mainly based on symptoms such as pain and tumor enlargement.
3. Ewing’s tumor
It is a disease that affects people up to the age of 25. It is mainly located in the femur, less often in the tibia. Pain is at the forefront of the symptoms, initially appearing periodically and then continuing without interruption. A characteristic symptom of Ewing’s sarcoma is a tumor in the soft tissues.
Treatment of Ewing’s tumor is based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
4. Giant cell tumor
It is the most common bone tumor and is named after the multinucleated giant cells within it. Giant cell tumor most often affects people between 20 and 40 years of age. It is usually located in the epiphyses of distal long bones, such as the femur, radius, and the proximal epiphyses of the tibia, rarely in the flat bones.
A rather specific symptom of this disease is pain in the limb at the site of the lesion, thickening of its circumference, and sometimes a pathological fracture.
A giant cell tumor grows asymmetrically, penetrating every bone fold. It was considered to be benign, although cases of primary malignancy with lung metastases have been reported. Since the tumor is radiosensitive, radiation therapy was used. However, due to secondary malignancy, radical tumor removal is necessary.
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