Gems – these are rare and, as a result, expensive minerals, which, after processing (polishing or cutting), acquire a beautiful appearance. Processed minerals are widely used to make jewelry, art objects, serve as assets, etc.
The table below provides a list of precious and semi-precious (less rare minerals) stones in alphabetical order, including their names and a brief description, as well as the main parameters (color, brilliance and transparency).
| Name | Color | shine | Transparency | Description |
| Aquamarine | bluish green, greenish blue, light blue, gray blue | glass | transparent to opaque | variety of beryl |
| Alexandrite | glass | variety of chrysoberyl | ||
| Diamond | colorless, yellow, green, pink, red, brown, blue, blue, black | diamond | transparent | cubic allotropic form of carbon |
| Almandine | raspberry, cherry, purple, brown-red, black | one of the popular varieties of pomegranate | ||
| Amethyst | purple to pale reddish purple | transparent | variety of quartz | |
| Ametrine | yellowish peach, lilac, violet, lilac | glass | translucent | variety of quartz |
| Andalusite | colorless, yellow, golden, orange-brown, pink, red, dark green, brown, gray | glass | transparent | aluminum silicate |
| Beryl | white, yellow, green, red, blue | glass | mineral of the ring silicate subclass | |
| Verdelite | shades of green | tourmaline variety | ||
| Heliodor | orange, orange yellow, golden yellow, greenish yellow | glass | transparent | transparent variety of beryl |
| Hyacinth | yellow, yellow-red, red-brown | transparent | variety of zircon | |
| Rhinestone | colorless | glass | transparent | variety of quartz |
| Garnet | orange, green, red, bright red, purple, purple, black and chameleons | glass | an extensive group of minerals | |
| Demantoid | green | transparent | variety of pomegranate | |
| Emerald | green, yellowish green | glass | variety of beryl | |
| Indicolite | blue, dark blue, greenish blue, bluish black | glass | transparent to opaque | rare variety of tourmaline |
| Quartz | colorless, white, pink, purple, yellow, brown, grey, black | one of the most common minerals in the earth’s crust | ||
| Corundum | yellow, pink, red, brown, blue, gray | crystalline α-alumina | ||
| morganite | pink, peach, purple red, muddy brown | transparent to opaque | a rare variety of beryl | |
| Olivine | pale shades of green | glass | transparent | magnesium iron silicate |
| Opal | white, yellow, orange, green, red, brown, blue, black | transparent to translucent | silica hydrate | |
| Paraiba | sky blue, greenish blue, blue, violet blue | glass | the most expensive and valuable variety of tourmaline | |
| pyrope | purple, orange red, pink, blood red, dark red | glass | one of the popular varieties of pomegranate | |
| Prasiolite | onion green | glass | variety of quartz | |
| shades of brown | glassy to greasy on the break | variety of quartz | ||
| Rhodolite | deep pink to purple | glass | variety of pyrope | |
| Pink quartz | shades of pink | glass | transparent to translucent | variety of quartz |
| Ruby | red, red-purple, red-pink, red-brown | glass | transparent | variety of corundum |
| Sapphire | colorless, yellow, orange, green, pink, violet, various shades of blue, blue, black | glass | transparent to opaque | variety of corundum |
| Spessartine | orange-yellow, yellow-brown, pink, red, red-orange, brown | silicate from the garnet group | ||
| Taaffeitis | colorless, green, mauve | glass | transparent to opaque | a rare mineral, in chemical composition between the compositions of chrysoberyl and spinel |
| Tanzanite | sapphire blue to amethyst purple | glass | transparent | a variety of the mineral zoisite, calcium and aluminum silicate |
| Topaz | colorless, yellow, golden yellow, yellowish brown, pale blue, pink, violet red | glass | transparent | a mineral from the aluminum silicate group |
| Tourmaline | colorless, green, orange-brown, pink, red, red-violet, blue, black, polychrome | glass | transparent to opaque | complex borosilicate of variable composition |
| Chrysoberyl | green, bluish green, brown, brownish green, gray | glass | variety of beryl | |
| Chrysolite | different shades of green, golden green | glass | transparent | olivine variety |
| Tsavorite | bright green | transparent | rare variety of pomegranate | |
| Zircon | colorless, green, brown, reddish brown, gray | diamond | zirconium orthosilicate | |
| Citrine | shades of yellow | glass | transparent | variety of quartz |
| Spinel | colorless, yellow, green, red, pink, violet, blue | glass | transparent to translucent | rare mineral, mixed oxide of magnesium and aluminum |
| colorless, pale blue or aqua | glass | transparent | silicate of aluminum and beryllium |