Contents
Plum Hungarian is one of the most popular and widespread varieties due to its excellent taste. Experienced gardeners choose this particular variety, because they consider it unpretentious and fruitful.
History of variety breeding
The plum was created in the XNUMXth century by Hungarian gardeners and at first was cultivated exclusively in Hungary. It is this fact that explains the origin of the name plum. In Our Country, the Vengerka variety has been growing recently, but has already managed to achieve popularity among many experienced gardeners and amateurs.
Description of plum varieties Hungarian
Most Wenger are self-fertile and do not need additional pollinators. The height of the tree is about 5–6 m. The crown is characterized by the shape of an oval or an elongated pyramid. Reddish shoots are characterized by durability and rapidity in growth. Plum Hungarian tolerates drought and frost well, and is also not exposed to dangerous diseases inherent in the culture.
The main feature of the plum is its high sugar content, density and the minimum amount of dry matter. A small fruit has a lilac or purple hue and a characteristic shape of an ellipse pointed at the edges. Juicy and sweet pulp has a yellowish tinge. The variety is suitable for cultivation in regions with moderate climatic conditions.
Korneevskaya
The result of the selection of the Volgograd and Bogatyr plums. It got its name in honor of R. V. Korneev, who made a huge contribution to the creation of the hybrid. Pollinators of the Vengerka Korneevskaya plum are Skorospelka and Ozimaya Krasnaya, but their presence is not necessary due to the possibility of self-pollination.
Description of the plum variety Vengerka Korneevskaya: large juicy fruits of 35 g each, dark brown skin color, tasty amber pulp, short fruiting period and high yield. The winter hardiness of the Vengerka Korneevskaya plum is high, but proper care is required due to poor resistance to certain diseases. The height of the plum tree Hungarian Korneevskaya is medium, the crown is branched, elongated.
Moscow
Plum Vengerka Moscow (Tsaritsynskaya) is one of the first varieties. It was created in 1947 by European breeders and is intended for areas with moderate climatic conditions. Tasting score of Moscow Hungarian plum: 4,3.
The main feature is increased resistance to frost and diseases. The tree is able to withstand temperatures up to -30 degrees. The grade gives rich harvests with pleasant tastes. It is perfect for preparing preservation for the winter, as well as for long-term transportation. Pollinators of the Hungarian Moscow plum are Early Red, Michurinskaya and Peach plums. They will significantly increase the yield and fruiting.
Belarusian
Plum Vengerka Belorusskaya is the result of the work of Belarusian breeders who pollinated the seedlings of the Delicate Plum and Stanley in 2009. It has a moderate height, a wide crown, and the fruits are characterized by large sizes and sweet and sour taste. The variety is resistant to various diseases and is able to quickly recover from frost.
Donetsk
Plum Hungarian Donetsk bred by a branch of the Donetsk Institute of Horticulture. Its main characteristics are height, spreading crown and average life expectancy. The fruit has a dense dark skin and juicy amber pulp.
Of all the varieties of this group, early Donetsk plum ripens earlier than other varieties due to good resistance to frost. It is important to know that dry sandy soil is categorically not suitable for growing a crop, and the groundwater level when planting a Hungarian Donetska plum should have a maximum indicator. As a pollinator, you can use Italian and Analta.
Pulkovskaya
It is found on the territory of the Leningrad Region and is the result of folk selection, and the description of the Vengerka Pulkovskaya plum differs slightly from the Moscow one. Tall tree with a spreading crown in the shape of a cylinder. The fruits are small, purple in color with small red spots. Pale yellow flesh has a peculiar taste. A great option for homemade preparations for the winter.
It tolerates frosty and dry climates well, and is also rarely exposed to diseases inherent in the culture. To increase the yield by 5 times, you can use pollinators: Moscow, Skorospelka and Ozimaya.
Voronezhskaya
Plum Vengerka Voronezhskaya is common in southern Our Country due to the most suitable climatic conditions. Compact tree with large purple fruits. Due to the sour taste and good pulp density, it is often used to prepare blanks for the winter. Plum needs pollinators, for which Renklod and Michurinskaya varieties are suitable.
Michurinskaya
Variety Vengerka Michurinskaya is characterized by rapid maturation and a good yield. Its demand is due to its good resistance to frost. Fruits are small in size, with sugary juicy green flesh and a small stone. The variety is self-fertile.
Yellow
The variety Vengerka Zheltaya is widespread throughout Our Country and is named because of the presence of juicy pulp of a yellowish hue. The tree is resistant to frosty and dry climates. Does not require additional pollinators to improve crop quality.
Italian
The most famous variety of Hungarian. It differs in the dimensions of the tree and large fruits, which perfectly tolerate long-term storage and transportation. It is cultivated in the southern regions of Our Country. It is not resistant to diseases and droughts, therefore it needs timely watering. Plum Hungarian Italian belongs to the self-fertile varieties. But to improve the yield, other varieties of Hungarian can be planted nearby.
Early
It grows in warm regions of Our Country. Differs in the increased productivity and excellent flavoring properties of plums. The plant is very sensitive to strong weather changes and requires preventive work against pests. Does not need pollinators, but if desired, Anna Shpet or Altana can be planted.
Monastic
Variety Vengerka Monastyrskaya is common in all regions due to its unpretentiousness to the growing environment. Differs in the increased frost resistance. The tree is spreading, tall, and the fruit is large and juicy. This Hungarian variety is self-fertile and long-lived.
Bogatyrskaya
In one of the Lower Volga institutes, having crossed Giant and Domashnaya plums, they obtained a unique variety, which, due to the large number of large fruits, was called the Hungarian Bogatyrskaya, although the tree itself is not tall. It is resistant to weather changes, diseases. For fruiting does not need planting varieties of pollinators.
Ural
This plum Hungarian was bred in the Urals, at the Sverdlovsk horticultural selection station. The tree is low, sparse, and oval juicy fruits are characterized by a large size. Productivity is high, and fruiting is regular. Variety Hungarian Uralskaya is resistant to frost and is self-fertile.
Azhanskaya
The birthplace of the early plum Hungarian Azhanskaya is France. The height of the tree is 4,5–5 m. The fruits are large, with thick skin and juicy greenish flesh. The Hungarian variety is not resistant to sudden changes in the weather and is often exposed to diseases. For productivity, it is worth planting a Renklod variety nearby.
Dubovskaya
Variety Vengerka Dubovskaya is rarely found on the territory of Our Country, mainly in the Volgograd region, where it was bred. Valued for good immunity to diseases and resistance to frost. Small juicy fruits are oval shaped. For a rich harvest, you need to choose the right pollinator, for example, Anna Shpet or Volgogradskaya.
new
Plum Vengerka Novaya is characteristic of the North Caucasus due to its excellent recovery after a long drought and frost. The tree is of moderate growth, the yield is average, and the fruits are of good quality and uniform in shape and size. Often affected by diseases and codling moth. Plum does not require pollinators.
Zarechnaya
The variety is known for its good yield, pleasant taste and resistance to sudden climate changes. Plum Hungarian Zarechnaya grows throughout Our Country. Large bluish fruits are formed already in the first days of July. The culture is self-fertile.
Homemade (Regular)
Plum Hungarian Homemade (Ordinary, Ugorka or Moldavian) is common in regions of Our Country with a warm, temperate climate, because it does not tolerate extreme cold. It grows well in the Kursk and Voronezh regions. The tree is massive, sprawling, and juicy, sweet fruits are small in size. Eel plum care is essential for a good harvest. If possible, Italian or Altana should be used as a pollinator.
Wangenheim
Better than all other plum varieties, Hungarian Wangenheim tolerates cold, so it can be cultivated throughout Our Country and other countries. It has a pleasant, delicate taste of fruits and a small stone. Does not need pollination.
Opishnianskaya
Hungarian plum Oposhnyanskaya comes from Ukraine, where it is massively grown. Differs in friable, sugary pulp and a small bone. Characterized by high yield and long shelf life. Plum prefers warmer soils, because it does not tolerate extreme cold. The culture is self-fertile.
Features of landing
Plum planting is a very important event, on which the quality and quantity of the crop depends. It should be treated with special attention and caution, having studied all the advice of experienced gardeners.
Recommended dates
In the spring, there is a chance that the plum will not take root, so planting should be done at the end of summer. The ideal time is between the third decade of August and the beginning of September.
Choosing the right place
For growing Hungarian plum, it is recommended to choose a sunny place on the top, since a lot of moisture and cold air accumulate in the lowlands. The site should warm up well and be protected from drafts. The main features of the soil are friability, nutritional value and the absence of an acidic environment.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
An excellent neighbor for the Hungarian plum will be a suitable pollinator with the same flowering time. It is not recommended to plant berry bushes near the tree, as they can interfere with the growth and development of germinating shoots.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When choosing a plum seedling, you should pay attention to its appearance. There should be no symptoms of diseases, lichens, and dry leaves or broken branches.
Landing algorithm
Before planting plums of the Vengerka variety, it is necessary to carefully study the sequence of the process, which consists of several stages:
- Choose the ideal plum seedlings and the optimal place for their growth.
- Dig holes 70 cm deep at a distance of 3-7 meters from each other.
- Place the plum seedling so that the root neck remains 3–5 cm above the ground.
- Cover with fertile soil mixed with 250 g of supersulfate solution and 1 bucket of peat or humus.
- So that the soil is well compacted, water using 3 buckets of water.
Plum Care Hungarian
The first years of a plum’s life are characterized by the rapid growth of the crown, so regular pruning is necessary. With its help, gardeners model the appearance of a tree, the load on its skeletal part. Places of cuts after trimming are recommended to be treated with a special solution.
The Hungarian plum variety tolerates winter well, if properly prepared for the cold. In autumn, you need to wrap the root neck with sphagnum and whiten the trunk. And also before the onset of frost, the trunk circle should be mulched – this is also a good method of protection against rodents if you use coarser material. When the first snow falls, it is necessary to carefully compact it around the plum.
The root system of the Hungarian plum does not germinate deeply, therefore it needs abundant watering. It is necessary to regularly check the soil moisture around the tree and, if necessary, add 5 buckets of water at a time. When forming fruits, the amount of liquid must be increased by at least a third. You can refuse top dressing in the first year, but in the second it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. Adult plums that are already bearing fruit need superphosphate and growth stimulants.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
An important part of caring for the Hungarian plum is protecting it from diseases and pests with the help of effective chemicals and the implementation of mandatory agricultural practices. To do this, you need to know what dangers are characteristic of the culture, and how to deal with them.
| Disease | Symptoms | Prevention | Treatment | |
| Black knot | Blisters appear on young branches, which eventually thicken and crack. This leads to the death and drying of the branches. | Spray until new leaves begin to form with Bordeaux liquid (1%) or similar substitutes. | Cut off and burn the affected parts of the plant, disinfect the sections with copper sulphate (1%), apply oil paint. | |
| perforated spotting | Small red spots appear in large numbers on the leaves, in place of which holes form. Leaves and shoots dry out, and the fruits are deformed. | Water moderately and get rid of weeds. | Spray the plant with Bordeaux solution (1%) or HOM preparation. Before and after flowering. If the disease continues to progress, repeat the procedure after harvest. | |
| Rust | The formation of yellow spots on the leaf blades, which are covered with a brown coating on the reverse side. Later they dry up and fall off. | Remove weeds, loosen the soil. | Carry out 2-3 treatments with Bordeaux solution (1%) with an interval of 10 days. | |
| Pest | Prevention | mary wrestling | ||
| Plodojorka | Remove weeds and loosen the soil. | Treat the tree with insecticides, and collect and burn the fallen shoots. | ||
| Unpaired Silkworm | Timely carry out pruning of branches and processing of the trunk. | Manually collect eggs and caterpillars. Treat the culture with chemical or natural preparations. | ||
In order to save the orchard, it is necessary to regularly inspect it for pests and disease symptoms and fix the problem in a timely manner.
Conclusion
Plum Hungarian is a reliable and proven variety that will bring a rich harvest even after a frosty winter. The culture will delight for a long time with its tasty and high-quality fruits when all the recommendations for planting and care are followed.