Plum planting in the Urals and Siberia

Gardeners in Siberia and the Urals are faced with the fact that the weather there is unpredictable, and you can never know exactly what the summer will be like. In summer, snow can fall in this region, it can constantly rain (sometimes with hail), and storms can fall. Floods begin in spring (illustrated). All these conditions can kill young trees.

The nuances of growing plums in Siberia

Cold and snowy winters are not a problem for many hardy plum species, but trees are much worse affected by temperature changes in spring. In trees emerging from hibernation, freezing of swelling buds is possible. To avoid this problem, for planting, you need to choose a variety with weakly awakening buds with a long dormant period.

Plum trees are at risk of damping off. Due to the thick layer of snow, cold air does not enter the lower part of the trunk, and the bark with the cambium in that zone die off. The problem cannot be solved by removing the snow, because then the root system will freeze. The most rational option here is to freeze the soil of the near-stem circle.

What plum is better to plant in Siberia

There is no single answer to this question. Under the right conditions, any cold-tolerant tree can survive the winter and please with a harvest. The best varieties can be considered the most fruitful, cold-resistant and fungus-resistant, which one to choose is up to everyone.

What is a plum tree grafted on in Siberia

Plums in Siberia are grafted onto rootstocks, which can be seedlings / offspring of any of the Ussuri, Canadian plums. As well as seedlings or sand cherry, propagated by green cuttings of the plant.

When plum blossoms in Siberia

Depending on the type of plum, the time when the berry is suitable for consumption varies most often from the end of July to the beginning of September.

How many years does a plum fruit in Siberia

Plum begins to bear fruit from 3-4 years after planting, and after the next 20 years it gets old and dries up. Plum, with proper feeding, shearing, quickly reaches its maximum yield and slows down closer to death.

Plum varieties for Siberia with photos and descriptions

There are some varieties of plums that almost do not stand out and are self-fertile. Among them:

• “Altai Jubilee”, a small berry with yellow flowers, a pink blush on the outside, and yellow-orange flesh. Ripens in mid-August, self-infertile. Trees of medium height with rounded crowns.
• “Scarlet Dawn”, dark red berry with golden yellow flesh and an average weight of 25 grams. This species is resistant to many diseases, but self-infertile.
• “Admiral Schley” fruiting in early August. The fruits are small, delicate red, propagated by grafting.

Self-fertile plum varieties for Siberia

Breeders managed to create a variety of plums that can grow in the harsh climate of Siberia. List of plum varieties for Siberia with photos and names:

• “Hungarian”, 6cm lilac/violet berry with golden flesh. Self fertile, high yield. The trees are sprawling (up to 6 meters).
• “Yellow Khopty”, yellow, small plum with yellow-green flesh. It blooms on, on average, 3-meter trees in the amount of 10-12 kilograms per tree at the end of August. Partially self fertile.
• “Greengage”, 5 cm berry yellow-green and blueberry color with amber pulp. It is rarely affected by a fungus, it is self-fertile, tolerates up to -30 degrees. Trees, on average, 6 meters high, with a rounded crown.

  

• “Red-cheeked” 2,5 cm yellow-orange plum with red patches and light yellow flesh.
• “Dawn of Altai”, a small red-orange berry that ripens in early August.
• “Honey”, large greenish-yellow berry with yellow flesh. Tolerates up to -30 degrees, self-fertile.
• Maynor Canadian small maroon berries with a pleasant taste and the ability to be harvested for the winter.
• “I’ll droop” a medium-sized berry, dark red, ripening at the end of August.
• “Peresvet”, a small orange berry with a yellowish-orange interior. The variety ripens in early August, it is self-fertile.
• “Chemal”, medium berry light burgundy on the outside and yellow-green on the inside. The berry is self-fertile, frost-resistant.
• “Gift of Chemal” (illustrated), a small peach-colored berry, yellow on the inside. Ripens in the second half of August, self-fertile.
• “Pyramidal” a small dark red berry with pale yellow flesh. It grows on a tree with a pyramidal crown of high fruitfulness.

The best sweet plum varieties for Siberia

Among the sweetest and most sugar-rich varieties of plums, people most often mention:

• “Yellow Hopta”
• “Manchurian Beauty” fuchsia color with excellent sweet and sour taste
• “Altai Jubilee” pinkish with a pleasant taste.
• “Game”, pinkish plum from China.
• “Baikal Amber”, orange-amber sweet plum
• “Morning” (illustrated), a yellow round plum with medium frost resistance.
• “Entertaining” purple and very fruitful plum.
• “Valor” large maroon berry with pale yellow flesh. The tree gives 30 kilograms of crop

These types of plums also received high marks from tasters.

Winter-hardy plum varieties for Siberia

For cold Siberia, you need to choose a plum variety with special attention. Plums need to be prepared for extreme temperatures and fluctuations. The most persistent are:

• “Honey”, transferring up to -30 degrees;
• “Precocious”, tolerates up to -35 degrees. It is surprising that she came to Siberia from the central strip of Our Country
• “Bee”, “Maynor”, “Chulyma”, “Admiral Shley” и “Amateur” belong to cherry-plum hybrids that can withstand 40-degree frost.
• “Uvelskaya”, “Pioneer” и “Yellow Hopty” can tolerate frost up to 50 degrees

Bush plum varieties for Siberia

Varieties of bush plums are cherry-plum hybrids, which have already been discussed earlier:

• “Bee”;
• “Chulima”;
• “Amateur”;
• “Admiral Schley”;
• Maynor.

Early varieties of plums for Siberia

Early varieties bear fruit until the second half of August. The most striking examples are:

• “Admiral Schley” beginning of August;
• “Zarya Altai”, beginning of August;
• “Peresvet”, early August

The best varieties of Chinese plum for Siberia

Among the varieties from China adapted for the winter, several berries can be distinguished: Chemalskaya, Gift of Chemal, Krasnochekaya, Yellow Khopty.

Varieties of plum for Siberia

Plum varieties have been bred that can grow both in Central Our Country and Siberia. These are the three berries.

• “Skoroplodnaya” plum is a frost-resistant self-fertile variety that bears yellow and red berries. Up to 30 kilograms of crop can be harvested from a tree. Plums ripen early and are well tolerated.

  

• “Red Ball” – disease resistant, self-fertile variety. Fruits in 3 years after planting, after a while 18-20 kilograms of plums. The berry is red on the outside, yellow on the inside.
•  “Yakhontovaya” plum is a vigorous and self-pollinating variety that can withstand -30 degrees. The berries are large, appear at the end of August, 30 kilograms are collected from their tree. In color, it can be pale orange and pale green.

The best plum varieties for Western Siberia

You also need to remember that the land in Western Siberia is wet, and somewhere even swampy, so you need to carefully moisten the soil under the drain.

Plum in Siberia: planting and care

When to plant a plum in Siberia

There is no set time for plum planting, it varies depending on the onset of cold weather. Usually, plums are planted in Siberia with seedlings in late spring or autumn. In both cases, when there is no snow.

Place for planting plums in Siberia

The site for planting the plum should be well lit, well protected from drafts, and never be in a lowland. Areas with groundwater too close to the surface should be avoided (ideally, they should flow at a depth of more than 1,5 meters).

Preferably, the soil should be loose and rich in organic matter of either sandy or sandy loam type. It is recommended to fertilize the soil a few weeks before planting. Too acidic in composition, waterlogged soils are not suitable for plums.

Planting a plum tree in spring in Siberia

Proper planting of plums in Siberia in the spring means planting a seedling in a hole in which the roots would be quietly distributed and not damaged.

Young cuttings can be grafted onto healthy rootstocks. A rooted cutting has a great chance of surviving in winter.

How to care for a plum in Siberia

The freezing of the soil has already been mentioned, which prevents the bark and cambium from decaying. For it, you need to compact the snow in the area of ​​uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe near-stem circle. It will also be useful to arrange empty barrels around the trunks.

Trees also need regular pruning and constant removal of root shoots. Damaged branches are usually pruned in early spring, and a crown is formed at the beginning of summer (in order for the branches to recover faster, the cut site is covered with garden pitch, and the tree itself is fed). Older trees are pruned to encourage new growth.

Many trees need quality watering due to drought intolerance. This is especially true for cold-resistant plums. Also, several times a year, trees need to be treated with fungicides and insecticides.

Plum pruning in Siberia in spring

In the spring, while the tree is not quite active, you need to prune the plum branches that have not survived the winter. The process must begin at the seedling stage, when the desired crown shape is formed. An uncircumcised tree, or one in which the cut point is not treated with garden pitch, has a risk of getting diseases and less fruit.

How to prepare a plum for winter in Siberia

Frost-resistant plums do not require much effort and expense to prepare for winter. They are only fed and watered abundantly. Berries grown in less snowy areas need shelter. These are spruce branches or agrofibre.

Pests and diseases of plums in Siberia

In order to protect plum trees from pests and diseases, it is necessary to treat it twice a year, in spring and autumn, with insecticides and fungicides. But how to understand that the tree is already sick and what should be done if this is the case?

Comedy

Gum flow (higher in the illustration) is the appearance of resin droplets on the tree trunk. If this problem is not corrected, then the tree can pick up an infection.

To eliminate gum disease, it is necessary to clean the place where the resin appears with a knife, and then disinfect it with a 1% solution of copper sulphate. You can also rub the cut with oxal leaves several times, and then treat it with garden pitch.

Dwarfism

In the initial stage, plum leaves become narrow, small, uneven. As the disease progresses, the leaves become thicker and more fragile.

Fighting this viral disease, trying to save the tree, is almost useless. Therefore, the best option would be to uproot the tree and burn it behind the site.

Plum pockets

This disease (pictured) affects the fruit, making it baggy and then severely misshapen and pitted.

Applying 3% Bordeaux liquid to plants in early spring before or during bud break will help overcome this defect.

Klyasterosporiosis

Gray-brown spots appear on the leaves, which soon dry out, creating holes and causing the leaves to fall off more quickly. Often, the disease spreads to the fruits, from which the resin is then released. Without treatment, the entire tree may die.

Here again, 1-3% Bordeaux mixture will help, applied to the plant for the first and second time, before the buds and buds bloom, the third, after flowering, the fourth, two weeks later, the fifth, three weeks before picking plums.

fruit rot

The symptoms of the first stage of this disease are obvious – branches and shoots look like burnt. In the second stage, rotting spots and pillows with fungal spores appear on the fruits (illustrated).

The disease can be prevented with 1% Bordeaux mixture and 1% iron/copper sulfate. It is necessary to process the plum before and after flowering. The affected fruits must be destroyed, after which the trees have been treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Plum pox

Plum pox are spots on the leaves, resembling rings and winding lines.

Rust

First, rusty spots appear on the leaves, and then, on them, black cushions with mushroom spores. Affected leaves fall off, and the tree loses its immunity.

Any fungicide or 1% Bordeaux liquid can get rid of mushrooms. Processing trees should begin in mid-summer, and then every two weeks until three weeks before harvest.

Tli

Aphids usually settle on the underside of the leaf, so you should always inspect them for pests.

An effective way against aphids is considered to be spraying leaves in the spring with decis or inta-vir.

Growing plums in the Urals

What plum to plant in the Urals

The weather in the Urals is unpredictable because of the mountains, so you need to choose varieties that are not afraid of temperature changes (almost all are frost-resistant).

When the plum ripens in the Urals

In the Urals, plum ripens at the same time as in Siberia – from late July to early September. There are no exceptions here.

The best plum varieties for the Urals with a photo

The breeders of the past clearly did their best, because now such varieties of plums grow in the cold Urals, such as:

• “Pride of the Urals” (illustrated), a large dark pink berry, yellow on the inside. It does not bear fruit every year, it is self-fertile.

  

• “Pearl of the Urals”, medium-sized plum, fiery color on the outside and pale orange on the inside. This self-fertile berry ripens in early August.
• “Snow White” (illustrated), a very frost-resistant (up to -40 degrees) plum of medium size, yellow. The tree is low (2,5 meters), but sprawling (4 meters).
• “Ural prunes”, cream-colored berry with good frost resistance, blooms in early August, 15 kilograms per tree. The tree is low, up to 2 meters high, but the crown is wide.
• “Chebarkulskaya”, the berry is medium in size and dark blue on the outside, yellow-green on the inside, recognized as one of the best plums. The height of the tree and spreading are the same – 3,5 meters.
• “Ural golden”, a high-yielding variety, resulting in small sweet and sour berries that received high marks from tasters.
• “Ural Yellow”, small plum with yellow flesh and skin. It ripens in early August (10-15 kilograms per tree), tasters’ ratings are high.

  

• “Plum Cherry Early”, variety with yellow, and then red fruits, excellent frost resistance and yield (20-25 kilograms per tree). The flesh is yellow and sweet. It grows on a bush 2,5 meters high.
• “Uyskaya”, very large dark red fruits from a 2,5-meter tree have a good and pleasant taste and ripen at the end of August. However, the plum is unstable against aphids.
• “Kuyashskaya”, These red large fruits from a 3-meter tree have an excellent sweet and sour taste. Ripens early August.
• “Vesta”, medium lilac plum with golden flesh, ripening in late August. Winter hardiness is excellent.

Varieties of yellow plum for the Urals

There are not so many yellow varieties of plums in the Urals and you can count them on your fingers:

• “Hungarian” (most often, Moscow);
• “Admiral Schley”;
• “Scarlet Dawn” (on the illustration).

Self-fertilizing plum for the Urals

Most plums in the Urals are considered self-fertile. Among them:

• “Pearl of the Urals”;
• “Snow White”;
• “Chebarkulskaya”;
• “Uiskaya” and others.

Varieties of plum-cherry hybrids for the southern Urals

Plum-cherry hybrids in the Urals are almost the same as in Siberia:

• “Maynor”;
• “Chulima”;
• “Admiral Schley”;
• “Amateur”;
• “Shley”;
• “Abbess” dark pink or orange medium plums.
• “Gem”, medium size and pouring red plum color.

Varieties of columnar plum for the Urals

Tip, columnar plum bushes can be easily distinguished from trees by thin branches, their upward direction, smooth bark. They have high frost resistance (up to 30 degrees), they can be planted close, they are low, early ripening. In the Urals, plums are planted in the spring. These include:

• “Ant”, brings a crop of dark purple berries in August a year after planting.
• “Ruby” (illustrated), the berries are very large, red. Gathered at the beginning of September.

  

• “”, plums are large dark red, ripen at the end of August
• “Honey”, fruits are golden and large. Self-infertile.
• “Commander”, the fruits are large, red-violet and self-fertile.
• “Imperial”, most popular among farmers. The fruits are large and dark red.
• “Blue Sweet” very large dark purple berry ripening in August.
• “Olenka”, bright red medium berries, self-fertile.
• “Mirabella”, plums are yellow and large, reminiscent of apricots.
• “Ange”, large maroon fruits, the bush tolerates low temperatures well, it is self-fertile.
• “Yellow”, ripening at the end of June, the fruit is golden in color.

Plum varieties for the southern Urals

Sun-loving plants are suitable for the southern Urals, it is not necessary to use winter-hardy plum varieties, they are more suitable for northern regions. This list includes:

• “The Abbess” (on the illustration);
• “Pearl of the Urals”;
• “Pride of the Urals”;
• “Hungarian”;
• “Uiskaya”;
• “Chebarkulskaya”.

How to plant a plum in the spring in the Urals

When to plant a plum in the Urals

In the Urals, plums are usually not planted in the spring. There are almost no spring types of berries here. Plum planting in the Urals takes place in the spring, before the onset of cold weather and snow.

Site selection and preparation of soil

The factors by which you need to choose a landing site completely coincide with those that operate in Siberia. Varieties appear in the Urals, for which, in order to prepare the soil for planting a tree, in the spring it is necessary to dig up the place, removing all the weeds.

How to plant a plum in the Urals

Usually in the Urals, plums are planted not in spring, but in autumn, two people at a time. Next, you need to follow the following points:

1. Depending on the size of the root system, it is necessary to dig a hole. In this case, the upper (fertile) soil must be folded in one direction, and the lower one in the other.
2. Drive a meter stake into the center of the pit.
3. Now you need to prepare the earth mixture by mixing:
   • Compost, 2 buckets.
   • Superphosphate, 200 grams.
   • Wood ash, 350 grams.
   • Previously deposited topsoil.

     

4. The prepared mixture is poured in a hilly manner around the stake. Moreover, the root neck is 6-8 centimeters above the ground, and the stake should not exceed the height of the stem (distance from the ground to the branches).
5. In the “hill”, to the north of the stake, a seedling is placed, in which the branches are straightened.
6. After planting, the earth around the seedling is compacted and watered with 1-2 buckets of water.

Plum care in the spring in the Urals

Plum care in the Urals is almost no different from Siberia. The only differences are the start times of the procedures. During their holding, most of the snow should come off.

Conclusion

Plum varieties for Siberia and the Urals are incredibly diverse, despite not the best weather conditions. The most joyful thing is that the plums grown here will not be inferior in quality and taste to those grown in warm countries.

Reviews