Contents
Plum Chemalskaya is valued by gardeners for its high yield, unpretentiousness, resistance to low temperatures, beautiful appearance and taste characteristics. Its tantalizing aroma and original taste will not leave anyone indifferent.
History of variety breeding
Scientists have made great strides in creating new winter-hardy plum varieties. The result of this work is the plum of the Siberian selection Chemalskaya, which was obtained at the Research Institute of Horticulture named after M.A. Lisavenko in the mountainous region of Altai (village of Chemal). The plum variety Chemalskaya was included in the State Register in 1974 and approved for use in such regions as: East Siberian, West Siberian, Ural.
Description of a series of varieties Chemalskaya
The culture forms a round, drooping, thickened crown. The plant has a bouquet type of fruiting. The branches are greyish. The stem is low. The shoots are thin, straight, brownish in color, have polygamy of small lentils. Vegetative buds are in the form of a cone, fruit – a circle.
The plant is decorated with medium green foliage. The leaf plate has a blunt-conical base, slightly concave, with a curved tip. Petiole of small length, medium thickness. The kidney forms 2-3 flowers. The variety is characterized by a cup-shaped corolla and small white petals.
The fruits of the Chemalskaya plum variety are medium in size: height 25 cm, diameter 27 mm. The weight of one fruit is 14-16 g. The pulp is juicy, tender with a slightly noticeable acid, excellent taste. Stones of medium size, elongated oval. The stalk is short, easily separated from the fruit.
Detailed description:
Chemal blue
The plant has an average growth. Foliage is egg-shaped, painted in green. Of interest are the medium-sized fruits of a rounded shape, maroon in color with a pronounced waxy coating. The mass of one plum is 20 g. The variety has earned popularity due to the pulp of a yellowish-white color with a sweet and sour taste.
Chemal sprawling
The tree is medium-sized, with a wide spreading crown. The attention is drawn to the large size of the fruits of a round shape, painted in cherry color. The mass of one Chemalskaya plum is 15 grams. Orange-yellow pulp is characterized by tenderness, juiciness, sweet and sour taste and delicate aroma.
Chemal red
The plant is medium in height with a crown in the form of a circle. The eye is attracted by red plums, the surface of which is distinguished by a waxy coating. The pulp of the Chemal red plum is valued, which has a yellow-green hue and is characterized by juiciness, tenderness and an amazing taste with sourness.
Chemal large
The culture is able to reach a height of up to 3,2 meters, has a paniculate rare crown. Wide-oval plums of yellow color, decorated with a burgundy-red blush, attract attention. The weight of one fruit is up to 50 g. The juicy pulp has a yellow color and is popular due to its pleasant sweet and sour taste.
Chemal black
Medium-sized plum tree Chemalskaya black forms a crown in the shape of a pyramid. Round-shaped fruits have a weight of up to 16 g. There is a good severity of the seam. The pulp has a white-yellow tint, moderate juiciness, sweet and sour taste with slight astringency at the skin. The stone is small in size, perfectly separated from the pulp.
All these varieties of Chemalskaya plum are of interest to gardeners in Siberia, the Urals and the middle zone. Since in these regions the Chemalskaya plum is able to maximize all its fruit characteristics.
Characteristics of the varietal series
Characteristics of the Chemalskaya plum variety include plant resistance to low temperatures, moisture deficiency, diseases and pests, as well as the timing of flowering and ripening of the crop.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
You need to know the winter hardiness of the Chemalskaya plum variety, since having survived the winter badly, the tree will no longer give a full harvest. According to the characteristics, the variety is winter-hardy, able to withstand frosts down to -40 0C. But it is recommended to use covering material in the first years of the plant’s life and simply throw snow on the tree trunk in winter. According to the description, the Chemalskaya plum variety has poor drought resistance.
Plum pollinators Chemalskaya
Plum variety Chemalskaya needs cross-pollination. Any combination of Chemalskaya with one of such varieties as Peresvet, Altaiskaya jubilee, Sinilga, Piramidalnaya, Krasnoselskaya will form a crop both on one and on the other tree.
Plum blossoms in May, and fruit ripening is observed in August.
Yield and fruiting
One of the main advantages of the Chemalskaya plum variety is its high yield, reviews of the Chemalskaya plum are proof of this. Plum trees come into fruition in the fourth year after planting. Fruit ripens in August. Up to 50 kg of plums can be removed from one plant.
Scope of berries
The fruits of the Chemalskaya plum variety will be useful both fresh and after processing. They can be dried and frozen. After such manipulations, they do not lose their useful properties. You can also make jam, tinctures, wine from fruits.
Disease and pest resistance
The Chemalskaya plum variety is immune to such a dangerous disease as clasterosporiasis. There is also an average resistance to the codling moth and a weak resistance to moniliosis.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The Chemalskaya plum variety is endowed with a lot of advantages:
- crop stability, fruit quality;
- beautiful appearance and worthy taste characteristics;
- universal crop;
- excellent crop transportability;
- a source of vitamins and minerals vital for the human body.
The Chemalskaya plum variety also has disadvantages, which include:
- poor winter hardiness of fruit buds;
- instability to aging;
- poor resistance to moniliosis.
Features of landing
An important criterion in the cultivation of the Chemalskaya plum variety, on which the regularity of fruiting and the size of the fruit directly depends, is the correct planting and care.
Recommended dates
It is better to plant seedlings of the Chemalskaya plum variety in spring in April before bud break. During the summer months, young trees take root in the ground and acclimatize to external conditions. It is also allowed to plant in the fall at the end of September, a few weeks before the onset of frost.
Choosing the right place
The main nuance when planting seedlings of the Chemalskaya plum variety is the choice of a site, in which such main criteria should be taken into account as:
- good lighting, as its lack can reduce the sugar content of plums and reduce the quality of the crop;
- protection from strong winds and drafts;
- the relief of the site with flat terrain, since the presence of lowlands can melt the plants, which further leads to poor growth and development and, as a result, the death of seedlings;
- the presence of moisture-intensive and breathable loams with a neutral reaction of the environment.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
Plum Chemalskaya does not tolerate the neighborhood of any fruit trees – pome and stone fruits, except for the apple tree. It is better to plant plum trees with other crops to share blackcurrants. The plum tree responds well to the gooseberry, does not compete with the nearby raspberries.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When choosing seedlings of the Chemalskaya plum variety, preference should be given to strong, healthy plants without diseases, mechanical damage, with a well-developed root system.
Landing algorithm
Cultivation of the Chemalskaya plum variety involves the following main stages of the planting process:
- At the bottom of the pit, you need to put fertilizers containing substances such as compost, superphosphate, wood ash.
- Spread the root system of a young tree and place it vertically in the hole carefully, without bending the roots.
- Cover with earth, slightly shaking the trunk to fill the voids between the roots. The root neck should be level with the ground.
- After installing the Chemalskaya plum tree, water and cover the soil near the trunk with a layer of mulch up to 20 cm, using organic matter.
Plum Aftercare
The growth, development, fruiting of the Chemalskaya plum depend on the efforts spent by gardeners on important agricultural practices. Proper care will increase its productivity, extend its life span, give a beautiful look to the garden, and also prevent the development of dangerous diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Caring for the Chemalskaya plum variety includes carrying out procedures aimed at ensuring the survival of the plant after planting and creating comfortable conditions for growth. The main procedures for caring for Chemalskaya plum include:
- high-quality watering, especially during the active growth of the plant and the formation of fruits;
- loosening the top layer of the earth to a depth of 10 cm to reduce evaporation and retain the maximum amount of accumulated moisture;
- feeding with nutrients by applying complex fertilizers containing organic matter and mineral compounds over the entire area of the roots;
- shaping, rejuvenating, thinning pruning in order to stimulate the growth of new shoots, form the growth of tree branches, its crown and increase productivity;
- protection for the winter by covering with spruce branches or other improvised materials, which will avoid freezing of the Chemalskaya plum and damage to it by rodents.
Having received care and attention, the Chemalskaya plum will surely give you a generous harvest, which will delight you with juicy pulp, rich taste and an unusual bouquet of aromas.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The plum variety Chemalskaya demonstrates excellent resistance to diseases inherent in the culture, but this indicator does not exclude the risk of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly recognize problems and solve them effectively. The information on dangerous diseases and pests given in the table will help with this.
DISEASES | |||
Name | Description | Control measures | |
Clyterosporiosis | The formation on the foliage of small dark blotches of a rounded shape with a pale yellow color. Over time, the spots increase and become brown or brown in color. After that, holes appear, leading to drying and falling of the leaves. | Burn the affected parts of the tree and treat with Bordeaux liquid
| |
Moniliasis | Instant fall of flowers, drying of peduncles and foliage, cracking of old shoots | Cut off all infected parts of the plant and process using Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride
| |
Smallpox | The presence of spots or stripes on young leaves, which eventually become marbling, and light areas form on them | Burn all affected trees, as the disease cannot be cured. | |
Rust | The appearance of rusty spots, gradually increasing in size, as a result of falling leaves | It is necessary to spray using a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture | |
HARVESTING | |||
Plum sawfly | The larvae of this insect are able to destroy still green fruits, as they eat both the seeds and the pulp of the fruit. | Destroy the painful fruits
| |
pollinated aphid | The appearance of this pale green insect can lead to twisting of the shoots, stunted growth of the culture, drying and falling of foliage, as they suck the cell sap from the plant. | Treat with chemicals against leaf-biting and sucking insects | |
common codling moth | The fruits are attacked by a brown-gray butterfly, whose reddish caterpillars hide under the bark of the plant in winter. In spring, the butterfly lays its eggs in fruits, and with the advent of caterpillars, the fruits turn purple and fall off, as the pest begins to feed on the pulp of plums. | Perform preventive spraying with Karbofos, put on trapping belts and constantly loosen the soil | |
Conclusion
Plum Chemalskaya, due to biological characteristics, is characterized by endurance and excellent adaptability, therefore it is most adapted to the conditions of the middle lane. This variety is often found in garden plots, as it is recognized by gardeners and consumers.