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As a result of life activity, a lot of different waste products are produced. These are the remains of food, construction debris, spoiled things, household equipment that has become unusable. To maintain cleanliness and order, utilities are equipping a special container site for garbage.
As a rule, this is a small area with a low fence. Unlike a garbage chute, this method of storing waste also involves sorting garbage, which simplifies the recycling process.
Types and types of container sites for garbage
There are two types of container sites:
- open, the most common;
- closed;
- underground.
The cost of open structures is relatively low, and utilities use just such.
A structure closed on all sides with a canopy and even doors can be seen not so often. This is the more expensive option. Maintenance of such a site is paid by residents of individual nearby houses or an organization.
The rarest type is a platform with a garbage collector hidden underground. And on top there is only a garbage bin. Due to the high cost in the device and maintenance, you can rarely see them. It is advisable to use them when saving space or it is necessary to maintain an aesthetic appearance.
Some garbage tends to decompose, and its smell attracts animals and flies. A fire or infection may occur in groundwater. To avoid unpleasant consequences, when constructing a container site for garbage, certain sanitary standards should be observed.
Requirements for MSW and MSW sites
First, let’s understand the concepts of MSW and MSW. After the adopted amendments to the law “On Production and Consumption Wastes”, the concept of MSW – municipal solid waste – appeared for the first time. The responsibility for the storage and removal of this raw material was assigned to public utilities.
The main part of the garbage of modern cities is ordinary solid household waste (MSW), which is generated daily: food debris, glass, plastic, cellulose, etc. Municipal waste (MSW) can include waste that accumulates in residential or non-residential premises during activities person or organization, for example, consumer goods that have lost their original purpose.
In the aforementioned law, MSW terminology serves primarily to distinguish between types of waste and, accordingly, norms and tariffs for ordinary people and enterprises. It is obvious that entrepreneurs and organizations with numerous employees, in the course of their activities, throw out much more garbage than an ordinary resident.
The container site is organized by local utilities. When installing and maintaining these territories, they must be guided by the requirements enshrined in the instructions “Sanitary rules for maintaining the territory of settlements SanPin 42-128-4690-88. These include:
- Without fail, in the area of u1bu1,5bresidential buildings, there must be fenced, at least on three sides, special sites. The height of the fence should be at least 10–XNUMX m so that the garbage is not carried by the wind to the nearby area. The location must be such that there is free passage of a garbage truck. There should be no vegetation within a radius of XNUMX meters.
- Garbage bins should be located at a distance of at least 20 meters from residential buildings, children’s and sports grounds, but not more than 100 meters.
- The installation of garbage containers should be carried out on a concrete or asphalt base at a height of 10-20 cm from the ground level so that rain streams do not fall under them. Closed tanks are a must.
- The number of storage bins depends on the number of houses located nearby. On average, the size of the site should accommodate from 3 to 5 garbage containers.
- Garbage must be taken out daily, and containers cleaned and treated with disinfectants, at least once every 1 days, except for winter time.
- Possibility to install covered fences for owners of the private sector.
Arrangement of waste accumulation sites
When constructing container sites, the location and volumes of daily waste must be taken into account. In residential areas and sleeping areas, places for collecting solid waste for 3 containers are optimally designed. In parks, near institutions, in the area of shopping centers, it is enough to have a platform for 1-2 containers.
Article 8 of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 89-FZ stipulates who should install containers and should equip waste collection sites. According to this law, local governments are responsible for the arrangement of sites.
Responsibility for the purchase and maintenance of containers for the accumulation of waste lies with the regional operators. Also, bunkers can be purchased by the owners of the land on which the MSW accumulation sites are located.
Container yard equipment
There are several features to consider when building a garbage site:
- site type – open or closed;
- size, if there is a need to install more than two tanks;
- take into account the need for the likely use of an additional bunker or roll-out container;
- types of waste bin designs;
- materials of manufacture;
- outdoor site design.
Recently, the trend of arranging covered and completely closed container sites has prevailed. They are considered more practical in providing protection from rain and wind. As a result, there is no need to purchase tanks with lids, because they are less durable during operation. In closed areas, you can use ordinary garbage bins.
Containers can be made from various materials. But, it is better to choose plastic ones, as they are not afraid of dampness and their service life is much longer. Taking into account the type of equipment for the removal of solid waste, you can purchase roll-out (on rollers) tanks.
If necessary, places with bunkers for collecting bulky waste can be equipped. Most often they are found in places where construction work is underway.
Maintenance of container sites and responsibility
According to government decree No. 290 of 03.04.2013/XNUMX/XNUMX, the responsibility for the maintenance of the sites lies with the owner of the land on whose territory it is located. Or on local governments: UO, ZhSK, ZhK. Landscaping consists of:
- maintenance – painting, repair, etc.;
- cleaning, including the selection and storage of garbage located next to the tank;
- labeling containers by type of waste;
- cleaning and disinfection of waste bins;
- maintaining the coverage in the required condition, etc.
For violation of the order of maintenance of these places, the administrative and technical inspection applies a sanction in accordance with Art. 6.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, art. A fine is imposed on officials in the amount of up to 2 thousand rubles, and for enterprises – up to 20 thousand rubles. The organization may face a suspension of activities for up to 3 months.
Garbage collection rules
In order to protect residents from noise, it is allowed to remove solid waste from 7 am to 23 pm.
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 strictly regulates the frequency of garbage collection in order to prevent its decay and decomposition. At an air temperature of +5 °C and below, the frequency of removal is 1 time in 3 days. In the warm season, when the average daily temperature is above +5 °C, garbage cans must be taken out daily.
In case of violation of waste disposal standards, a complaint should be filed with the Rospotrebnadzor department, since supervision over the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological legislation is within its competence.
Standards for installing containers in the private sector
For private sector owners, there are two ways to collect household waste:
- installation of a special container platform;
- purchase of roll-out containers for garbage.
Garden associations, owners of summer cottages, garage-building cooperatives and rural residents independently choose the method of construction, types of repairs and maintenance of places for collecting solid waste. If the site is small and separate, each owner can choose and purchase from a regional operator at cost, a roll-out waste storage tank.
The site should be located not less than 10 meters from household plots, but not more than 100 meters. It is obligatory to have a fence around garbage containers, as there are more stray animals in the private sector.
Garbage disposal in the private sector and rural areas is regulated by law. Thus, it is forbidden by law to install garbage collectors at a distance of less than 9 meters from the passage of a gas pipeline and a power plant. If there is a highway or railway track nearby, the garbage collection area is fenced off from the side of the highway and must be at least 20 meters from the roads.
If the village is located near a forest or a park area, then to install waste collectors, you need to obtain a special permit from the regional operator.
By concluding an agreement with a legal organization, garbage collection will be carried out in an organized manner. The rules and schedule for the removal of household waste are agreed separately with the service organization and are fixed in the contract.
After agreeing on all the conditions, the contractor company equips the place for the collection of solid waste, takes out the garbage with a garbage truck, regularly cleans and cleans the territory. The payment consists of the operator’s tariffs multiplied by the waste accumulation standard, using a seasonality factor.
The owner of the private sector throws non-organic waste into a container, and organic waste can be disposed of at his site.
For the removal of bulky waste and building material, it is necessary to conclude a separate agreement for disposal at tariffs for certain categories of waste.
The need for waste sorting
Every year there is more and more garbage on the planet. The authorities of the countries allocate huge funds for the construction of landfills for the collection of household waste, under which a huge area of clean land is allocated. The equipment and technologies for the processing of secondary raw materials are being improved.
However, the “garbage problem” remains. Under the sun’s rays and downpours, mixed waste rots and releases toxic substances, poisoning the atmosphere, land and groundwater. Often spontaneous combustion of this “explosive” mixture occurs, causing even more harm to the environment.
Carrying out the “garbage” reform, from January 1, 2019, a new law on sorting garbage before disposal came into force. At the same time, an order was signed by the President on the establishment of the Russian Regional Operator company. Thus, the state took control of the collection, storage and disposal of household waste.
Many countries have been successfully using the waste sorting system for several years now. Citizens are required to sort garbage, dropping it into the appropriate containers. The system for marking tanks for various wastes has proven itself well. Depending on the purpose, they may have different colors or inscriptions. The relevant housing and communal services are obliged to install such containers with separation according to the type of waste.
At the household level, it is customary to sort waste according to its intended purpose:
- glass products;
- metal packaging and bottles for juices, canned food;
- packaging paper, newspapers, cardboard and other cellulose items;
- textile products;
- leftover food;
- worn out, accumulators, batteries, LED lamps, etc.
For convenience, so that going to the container does not turn into an unpleasant procedure, it is better to sort the garbage at home, sorting it into bags or containers in advance.
The process of sorting garbage can be called a noble cause, because, having spent a little time, everyone will contribute their part of caring for the environment and the planet as a whole.