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The Ural region is distinguished by difficult weather conditions: cold winters, high snow cover, long winter period. Therefore, unpretentious and winter-hardy varieties of roses are chosen for cultivation in the Urals. Although these varieties are adapted to any climate change, they require some care. It is especially important to properly winterize roses to ensure they bloom in the spring.
The order of preparation depends on the age of the plants. Seedlings are recommended to be planted in the fall, while adult flowers will require more thorough processing. Roses must be pruned, fed and treated for diseases and pests. Be sure to prepare a structure for sheltering plants.
Seedlings preparation
In the climatic conditions of the Urals, you can plant roses in the fall. For planting work, the time is selected when the air temperature is set at + 4 ° С. If the temperature has dropped below the required indicators, then it is better to postpone work until spring.
One option is to dig roses in a greenhouse if the soil in it has not yet frozen. The plastic packaging must be removed, the roots straightened and, if necessary, trimmed. It is enough to dig the branches 2/3 of the length. The earth around the plants is rammed.
Selecting a landing site
When choosing a site for planting roses in the fall, certain rules are followed:
- the site should be on a hill, which reduces the likelihood of soil freezing;
- a flower bed with roses is located on the south side of the garden;
- provides natural dimming in the form of shrubs that will become protection for plants in the sun;
- the chosen place must be protected from the wind;
- groundwater level should be 1 m.
The rose prefers neutral and fertile soils. In order for the seedlings to endure the winter, manure is placed at the bottom of the pit before planting. This will keep the roots warm in the cold.
The soil for these plants is prepared from the following components:
- one part of sand and clay;
- ½ part of ash;
- 3 parts of humus;
- 2 parts peat.
Seedlings need 4 weeks to root. The use of a solution of growth stimulants will help speed up this process. It is necessary to lower the plant into it for a day before planting.
Planting roses in winter
A hole 0,5 m deep is preliminarily dug. Horse manure is placed at the bottom, then the prepared soil is laid.
In sandy soil, 5 cm of clay is placed at the bottom of the rose hole. If the soil is clayey, then an additional layer of sand will be required.
The roots of the seedling must be directed from top to bottom. Therefore, we pour a small mound of earth, on which we then plant a seedling. The roots of the rose should go down the created mound.
The earth is poured in such a way that the deepening of the root neck is 5 cm. Then you need to tamp the soil and water the plantings. Each bush requires 20 liters of water.
The planted bush is spudded to a height of 10 cm. Seedlings are covered in the same way as adult plants.
Preparation of adult flowers
Preparing roses for winter in the Urals includes several stages. This includes pruning plants, which are then laid on the ground. For the prevention of diseases and the spread of pests, plants are sprayed.
Fundamental rules
To keep roses throughout the winter, following a number of simple rules will help:
- it is not recommended to start sheltering ahead of time;
- cold snaps down to -5°C increase plant endurance;
- at the end of summer, nitrogen fertilizers are not used, which accelerate the development of shoots;
- in August, potash and phosphorus preparations are introduced;
- intensive pruning also stimulates plant growth;
- by autumn, the watering of the flower garden is reduced.
Order of work
From mid-August, watering of roses stops. Withering and fresh flowers are left so as not to stimulate the development of new shoots. You can remove the lower leaves, which should be burned. This is done to protect plants from fungal diseases.
The bushes are spudded to a height of 15 cm, and the soil is mulched with dry humus, coniferous sawdust, a mixture of peat and sand, and small chips. This procedure will protect the roots of plants from moisture.
Before the onset of a cold snap, roses must be pruned. The exception is climbing and standard varieties, which are removed from supports and placed on the ground. Their shoots are recommended to be attached to the ground with studs.
Roses are cut in such a way that the height of the bush does not exceed 0,5 m. This stage in the Ural conditions is recommended to be carried out in October, when the constant temperature is below -5 ° C.
Pruning work is carried out on a dry and sunny day. Must be removed:
- shoots older than 3 years;
- young branches (have a white color);
- dried leaves and buds;
- shoots growing inside the bush.
When the cold snap becomes constant, they go directly to the shelter.
Top dressing of plants
For lush flowering, roses need top dressing. Fertilizer begins to be applied in the fall, the procedure is carried out in two stages:
- At the end of August (or at the beginning of September), when the flowering period ends.
- At the end of September (early October).
The first feeding should not contain nitrogen or organic fertilizers, as they stimulate the active development of plants. It is best to choose a fertilizer containing potassium, which improves the metabolism and immunity of roses. It is also necessary to feed the plants with phosphorus to accelerate the maturation of wood.
To feed plants, use a mixture of fertilizers per 10 liters of water:
- superphosphate – 15 g;
- potassium monophosphate – 16 g.
The second treatment is performed using compost and wood ash. Fertilizer is not buried in the soil, but poured onto the ground, which serves as additional protection against frost.
Treatment for diseases and pests
An important step in preparing roses for winter is treatment for diseases. Pathogens can remain on plant debris for a long time. Therefore, one of the preventive measures is the cleaning and burning of fallen leaves. If you do not remove the leaves from the rose, then harmful microorganisms will overwinter and become active in the spring.
In autumn, roses are treated with iron sulphate. This is a crystalline substance that has the form of a powder with a bluish or greenish tint. The drug is stored in a dry place and a closed container.
The composition of iron sulfate includes iron and sulfur, which allow you to enrich the soil and make up for the lack of these substances. The drug does not penetrate into plants, is safe for humans and is washed off with water from rose leaves.
Processing is carried out by spraying roses. To do this, prepare a solution containing 30 g of iron sulfate. First, the substance is diluted with a small amount of water, then another 5 liters of water are added to it.
Choosing a shelter method
The best way to protect roses from the winter cold is to build a frame and use non-woven material. This option is suitable for sheltering seedlings and adult plants. First, a frame is erected, on which a covering material is placed.
Previously, roses were covered with spruce branches, but it does not retain heat, but allows you to hold snow in winter. Spruce branches can be used to scare away mice that can gnaw on the bark on plant trunks.
Wooden frames
Roses survive the winter best in an air-dry shelter. It can be prepared from improvised building materials: boards, film, roofing material. Modern garden materials are more practical, allow the structure to pass air and serve as a reliable protection of plants from the cold.
First, a wooden frame of a rectangular or triangular shape is erected. Such designs are convenient to use in the Urals, where a large amount of snow falls during the winter. The rectangular frame can be in the form of a lattice, under which additional supports are installed.
Film, oilcloth, carpet, linoleum, roofing material and other improvised means are not used to cover roses.
Covering materials are sold folded in two layers, so the total thickness of the coating will be 120 microns. For roses, a white canvas is used. Black material creates increased humidity and temperature. The frame is covered with material and the edges are fixed with bricks or stones.
Metal arcs
If roses are planted in rows, then it is more convenient to use metal arcs to cover them. They are installed every 40 cm. Up to 10 cm of free space is left above the plants.
Arcs are chosen with a length of 1 to 2 m. Preference should be given to more durable materials that can withstand snow loads.
Then the resulting structure is covered with a special material. When calculating the length of the canvas, a margin of about 50 cm is made on each side. The ends of the material are fixed with studs or heavy objects.
Conclusion
When preparing roses for winter in the Ural region, the age of the plants is taken into account. Seedlings must be planted before the soil freezes. Mature bushes are cut and laid on the ground. A frame is necessarily constructed, which is covered with a special material. Fertilizing with potash and phosphorus fertilizers will help increase the endurance of plants.
