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It is quite late to plant potatoes in the Urals because of frosts. When choosing the time for such work, gardeners are guided by the lunar calendar so that the culture grows and develops better, and is stored longer.
When to plant potatoes in the Urals
Planting potatoes in the Urals in May begins no earlier than the middle of the month, more often at its end. Sometimes the weather allows work to be carried out only in the summer. They are guided by the temperature of the soil, which should warm up to 8 ° C to a depth of 15 cm.
Planting dates for potatoes in the Urals in 2022 according to the lunar calendar
According to the lunar calendar in May, planting potatoes in the Urals is best planned for 12-15 or 19-20. These days are the most prosperous for this particular culture. There are other dates that are suitable for all vegetable crops:
- 23-24;
- 27-28.
Often in the Urals, it is possible to plant potatoes only in summer because of the risk of return frosts. In accordance with the lunar phases for June, such work can be scheduled on the following days:
- 1-3;
- 9-12;
- 15-16;
- 19-20;
- 24-25;
These dates are favorable for any vegetables. Specifically for potatoes, it is more efficient to choose June 15-16, 21-22 or June 24-25.
In the Urals, planting potatoes under straw is effective – they sow one half of the plot, and the other with oats or rye
Growing potatoes in the Urals in the open field
Before planting potatoes in the Urals, it is important to properly prepare the soil and seed. The success of growing crops, productivity depends on this.
Soil preparation
The soil in the Urals is quite rough, therefore, before planting potatoes, it must be dug up and loosened. It is better to do this treatment twice – in the fall and in the spring.
For planting potatoes in the Urals, light, slightly acidic loam is recommended, in which more than 2% organic matter.
Site preparation begins in the fall. For digging, semi-rotted manure or chicken manure is introduced at the rate of 5 kg per 1 m². Organics can be added in the spring. Then resort to humus, compost or peat. During spring digging, it is also necessary to introduce mineral compounds. For 1 hundred take:
- 1 kg of ammonium nitrate (urea is possible) and double superphosphate;
- 2 kg of potassium sulfate;
- 5 kg of wood ash.
You can use complex compositions such as nitrophoska (5 kg per 1 weave) or nitroammophoska (3 kg).
Beds or furrows for planting potatoes in the Urals are best located from north to south. You should not choose a site after other nightshades.
Preparing the tubers for planting
Vernalization is necessary for rapid ripening of potatoes and higher yields before planting in the Urals. It is a whole range of measures, including the germination and heating of the seed.
From the place of storage, the tubers are taken out for planting in about a month. They are inspected, spoiled copies are rejected. If the potatoes are large, then they are cut into several parts so that each has 2-3 eyes. Tubers for planting should weigh at least 30 g, but not more than 100 g.
For sprouting, potatoes are laid out in a single layer in boxes or boxes lined with paper and left in a dark room. The optimum daytime temperature is 13-16 °C, at night 10 °C. Direct sunlight on the container with tubers should not fall. Germination takes about a month. To speed up the process, the seed is moistened daily from a spray bottle.
Without vernalization, seedlings appear in about three weeks, and competent preparation speeds up the process twice
In addition to sprouting, it is recommended to warm the potatoes. To do this, a week before disembarkation, the storage temperature is increased to 20-22 ° C.
To reduce the risk of disease, the tubers are rubbed with wood ash or treated with a solution of potassium permanganate. This procedure is recommended a week before disembarkation. If a liquid agent is used, then the potatoes must be dried before being placed in the ground.
Landing scheme
The soil in the Urals is heavy, so it is impossible to deepen the potatoes when planting. The optimal distance to the surface is 5-8 cm.
The scheme for planting potatoes in the Urals depends on the chosen method:
- single-line – bushes are placed in increments of 25-35 cm, and 0,6-0,7 m is left between the furrows;
- comb – rows are made at a distance of 0,8 m, and a height of 40 cm;
- double rows – make 2 adjacent furrows in 30 cm increments, then repeat them after 1,1 m.
Growing potatoes in a greenhouse
For planting potatoes in the Urals in a greenhouse, early varieties of the crop are chosen. The tubers are used quite large – 80-100 g each. Potatoes should be whole, without damage. For greenhouse planting, they are not cut.
For 3-4 weeks, they begin to germinate the seed. Provide a temperature of 13-20 ° C and daily moisturizing from a spray bottle. Sprouts should be no more than 1 cm.
Potatoes are planted in the greenhouse when the soil warms up to at least 5 ° C at a depth of 10 cm. If the building is heated, then heating is turned on for 5-6 days. For growing potatoes, the optimum temperature is 18-20 °C, and during the formation of buds and during flowering 22 °C.
It is recommended to treat the seed for the greenhouse in autumn with potassium permanganate, and then dry it and lay it out in the sun. Under such conditions, potatoes turn green. It is unsuitable for food, but it is excellent for planting and does not attract rodents.
The first three weeks, you do not need to water the potatoes – they cover it with a film, which is removed after germination
Care after landing
After planting potatoes in the Urals, it is necessary to provide comprehensive care. Watering is recommended in heat and drought, as well as the following periods:
- sprout height 7-10 cm;
- budding;
- weight gain by root crops (end of June or beginning of July).
5-7 liters of water are spent on a bush, and up to 12 liters in heat and drought.
Mandatory event – weeding and loosening. The latter is necessary even before germination, but shallow – up to 3 cm.
During cultivation, potatoes in the Urals are spudded twice. The first treatment is recommended in the phase of three true leaves, and the next after 2-3 weeks before flowering. If the bush is falling apart, then additional hilling is carried out.
Top dressing, if necessary, is carried out up to three times per season:
- for 10 liters of water, 1 tbsp. l. bird droppings and urea;
- in the budding phase for 10 liters of water 1 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate and twice as much wood ash;
- during flowering for 10 liters of water 200 g of chicken manure or mullein and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
At the beginning of the growing season, you can cut the flowers. This measure allows you to send more useful elements to the tubers. 1,5-2 weeks before harvesting, it is recommended to cut the tops, leaving 10-15 cm. This will speed up the ripening of tubers and reduce the risk of damage during digging.
Conclusion
It is necessary to plant potatoes in the Urals later than in other regions, since the weather is cold for a long time and there is a risk of return frosts. You can grow a crop in open ground or a greenhouse. The dates for landing are determined in accordance with the lunar calendar.
