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Planting cherry seedlings in the spring in the middle lane allows the culture to take root. In autumn, you can also carry out this work, observing the terms and conditions of agricultural technology. The culture has many varieties with different fruiting periods. In order for a tree to consistently produce a crop, it is necessary to choose a variety adapted to the conditions of the climate where it will grow.
The key to a good harvest will be the right variety for the middle lane.
Features of planting cherries in central Our Country
Cherry, depending on the variety, can grow in the form of a tree or shrub. In the middle lane, cultivars based on common sour cherries are more common. These are cultivars of medium height that bloom in April, and fruiting begins at the end of May. Varieties adapted to the temperate climate of the middle zone bloom later than the southern representatives.
The area of distribution of culture is in Our Country in all climatic zones, except for the Far North. The plant is frost-resistant, the aerial part resists temperature drops to -40 0C, the root system may die if the ground freezes to -150C. An adult plant will regenerate frozen branches in a season, and young seedlings will not survive if they do not have time to take root well. This feature is taken into account when choosing a planting date in the middle lane, where frosts are quite severe.
Agrotechnics of the growing season in the middle lane is not much different from other climatic zones, autumn activities will be aimed at protecting seedlings from low temperatures. Cherries are placed on a plot in a sunny area, closed to the influence of the north wind. The best landing option is the southern slopes or a site protected from drafts on the east side.
The plant is drought-resistant, it tolerates a lack of moisture more easily than its excess. The soil should be well drained and aerated. Lowlands, ravines where moisture accumulates for cherries are not suitable. Do not choose an area with close groundwater. The depth of the main location of the root system is 80 cm, if the area is swampy, the plant will die from root rot, fungal infections or freezing in winter.
For stable fruiting, the composition of the soil plays an important role. The tree grows only on neutral soils, if there is no choice, they are corrected by special means. When planting, preference is given to sandy, loamy soil, fertile and light.
How to choose a cherry variety for growing in the middle lane
The temperate continental climate of the middle zone is characterized by clear temperature boundaries between the seasons.
Planting material with a closed root system can be planted in any warm season.
Low winter rates and the main threat to cherries – return frosts, are considered a frequent and normal phenomenon for this belt. Therefore, along with gastronomic qualities, a variety is chosen (adapted to the weather of the middle lane) with the following characteristics:
- Frost resistance. According to this criterion, cherry must endure winter temperatures up to -36 0C.
- Frost resistant. The quality needed during the spring cooling. The culture has a high rate, will not lose buds, during the period of sap flow, frozen and increased juice will not damage the tissues of young branches. Varieties that can withstand night frosts down to -8 are suitable for the middle lane. 0C.
- Fruiting time. For the middle band, mid-ripening or late varieties are taken, the flowering of which begins in mid- or late April, at this time the temperature drop is insignificant, the buds will remain completely.
- An important role in the choice of cherries is played by its ability to resist fungal infections (coccomycosis and moniliosis), common in the middle lane. Diseases cause significant damage to trees with weak immunity to this type of fungus.
They prefer a self-fertile species or plant other varieties with the same flowering period as pollinators nearby.
When cherries are planted in the middle lane
It is better to carry out work on placing the crop on the site in the spring, the plant will more easily endure stress, take root over the summer and overwinter without loss. Planting cherries with seedlings in the fall in the middle lane is used less frequently, but this time is also quite acceptable if the deadlines are observed. Summer for planting a plant is not quite the right time; work is carried out only if it is necessary to move the cherry to another place.
How to plant cherries in the middle lane
The key to a future healthy tree that does not create problems for the gardener will be the right choice of not only a variety, but also a seedling. One-year-old planting material grows well if it has a developed root, fruit buds and intact shoots.
When buying seedlings in a nursery, there are more chances to get a culture adapted to the conditions of the region
It is better to opt for a cherry with a closed root system, the survival rate of such seedlings is higher, and for the climate of central Our Country this factor is important.
When placing several trees, take into account the fact how sprawling the crown of the variety will be. Planting pits are placed at such an interval that the plants are not crowded. For compact varieties, 4-4,5 m will be enough. They do not place cherries under the dense crown of large-sized trees; a seedling with a deficiency of ultraviolet radiation will not be able to fully develop.
If necessary, the acidity of the soil is adjusted to a neutral indicator. For example, dolomite flour lowers the pH, while granular sulfur raises it. If planting is spring, events are held in the fall and vice versa.
A hole for cherries is dug, focusing on the volume of the root system. The depth should be at least 50 cm, the width should be 15 cm more than the diameter of the roots. The bottom is covered with drainage, a large stone or parts of a brick are suitable for the bottom, and gravel of a medium fraction is on top.
How to plant cherries in spring in central Our Country
If the weather has settled at a positive mark, and there is no threat of frost, they carry out a spring planting of cherries in the middle lane (tentatively in early May).
It is advisable to prepare the pit in the fall
Sequencing:
- Prepare a mixture of turf, compost and sand. If the soil is clayey, add superphosphate and potassium chloride (50 g per 10 kg of substrate).
- If a seedling from a nursery with a closed root system, it no longer needs disinfection procedures. The open root is dipped for 2 hours in a solution of manganese, and then kept in a growth stimulator for the same time. This measure is relevant for any landing period.
- A stake is driven into the hole 10 cm from the center, the nutrient mixture is poured, and the embankment is made into a cone.
- Cherries are placed vertically and covered with earth.
The soil near the seedling is compacted, the plant is watered, the root circle is mulched. The trunk of the seedling is fixed to the support.
How to plant cherries in the summer in central Our Country
Summer planting of cherries is a forced measure, in the middle lane at this time of the year there may be abnormally high temperatures or it rains regularly. Such weather conditions complicate the task.
The seedling is placed on the site in the same way as in the spring, but be sure to take care of the shading of the plant and moderate daily watering. The survival rate of cherries in the hot season is no more than 60%. Young cherries are transplanted by transshipment along with an earthy clod.
Gradual planting of seedlings in autumn
How to plant cherries in autumn in central Our Country
The landing pit is prepared two weeks before work. The day before the seedling is placed, it is completely filled with water, the scheme is the same as in the spring. The timing of planting cherries in the fall in the middle lane is oriented to the climatic features of the region. Before the onset of frost, the cherry should have time to take root. The plant is spudded, the soil is covered with a thick layer of mulch, the trunk is wrapped with burlap.
In case of late acquisition of planting material, when the deadlines have passed, cherries can be buried on the site:
- Remove leaves from the plant, if there are dry areas on the root, they must be cut off, and the protective material removed from the closed root system.
- Dig a trench about 50 cm deep.
- Place the seedling at an angle, cover the roots and trunk.
- Cover with spruce.
In winter, throw snow on the tree.
Care of seedlings
Agrotechnics for a young plant includes:
- Loosening the soil, removing weeds as they grow, mulching.
- Watering, which is carried out no more than 1 time per week.
- Preventive treatment against pests and infections.
Crown formation is carried out in the third year of vegetation.
Tips from experienced gardeners
Cherry is an unpretentious plant, with simple agricultural technology. If there are problems with vegetation, most often the reason lies in the wrong choice of variety or non-compliance with planting requirements. A few tips on how to avoid or fix the problem:
- If in the first year the accustomed seedling does not grow, the reason is the incorrect location of the root collar, it is too raised or, on the contrary, immersed in the ground. The plant is dug up and the placement level is adjusted.
- Young cherries are sick, look weak, grow poorly – the reason may be the wrong place: a shaded area, drafts, poor soil composition, constantly moist soil. To save the plant from death, it is transferred to another place.
- Cherry will not grow if planting dates in the fall are not respected. Part of the root system may have died from frost, and there is no guarantee that the cherry will recover.
Another reason for poor flowering and fruiting is that the variety does not correspond to the climate of the middle lane. Therefore, they purchase planting material only in a nearby nursery.
Conclusion
Planting cherry seedlings in spring in the middle lane is the best time for tree acclimatization. The seedling will not die from frost, it will endure stress more easily, the survival rate will be high. The advantage of autumn planting is that a rooted plant immediately after sap flow will begin to form a root system and gain green mass. But there is a risk that the crop planted at the end of the growing season will die from frost.
