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The most unpleasant surprise that the skin can present on vacation is an allergic reaction to the sun. Let’s try to figure out what causes this problem and how to deal with it.
What is photodermatitis
Most often, photodermatitis is manifested by reddening of the skin, itching, classic urticaria in areas that have been exposed to the sun. Sometimes other allergic manifestations join: runny nose, lacrimation. Those who suffer from such manifestations of allergy to the sun, in Europe – 18% of the population.
Causes of photodermatitis
To date, there is no clear explanation of what happens in the immune system under the influence of the sun and how certain substances become allergens.
“Photodermatitis is a disease that is characterized by increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light and is accompanied by rashes and itching,” says La Roche-Posay medical expert Alexander Prokofiev, adding that there are two types of photodermatitis.
Endogenous due to internal causes.
Exogenous occurs in contact with substances that come into contact with the skin, such as cosmetics.
What can lead to photodermatitis?
Certain medications can lead to photodermatitis.
Very light skin. It is clearly established that people of phototype I are most susceptible to photodermatitis. As the phototype index increases, the risk of allergy decreases. However, such difficulties can arise even in the darkest people – those who belong to the VI phototype.
A sharp drop in the level of insolation, when we get from a gloomy overcast land to a hot southern coast, is a serious stress for the skin and the body as a whole.
Taking certain medications, and their range is quite wide: from medicinal herbs to antibiotics and painkillers.
Hormonal changes – sometimes they disrupt the immune system.
Some cosmetic ingredients, including (sometimes) sunscreen.
Already existing allergic reactions. In other words, allergy sufferers (especially children) are more prone to new types of allergic reactions.
Symptoms
Within 24-48 hours from the moment of exposure to bright sun, the following appear:
small rashes, similar to hives;
redness of the skin;
itching;
puffiness
It all looks like a classic allergic reaction, so photodermatitis is very often confused with an allergy to unusual foods or flowering of local plants. You can make sure that this is photodermatitis by carefully examining the areas with rashes: these will be exactly those places that were open to the sun’s rays. If you hide from the sun for several days, the reaction will disappear.
Sometimes photodermatitis is confused with an allergy to flowering plants.
In some cases, this reaction gradually disappears. But it’s not worth being careless, counting on it, and here’s why:
photodermatitis tends to return with the active sun;
there is a possibility of developing eczema;
persistent hyperpigmentation may appear on the affected areas, with an increased risk of skin cancer.
Varieties
Endogenous
This is the most difficult form. “Endogenous” means “coming from within”. It is not always easy to understand exactly what deep processes in the body make it react so sharply to natural ultraviolet radiation. But until the original problem is solved, it will not work to get rid of photodermatitis.
There can be several potential internal causes of dermatitis.
Hormonal disorders.
Diseases of the liver and kidneys.
Immune system disorders.
However, most often it is associated with the intake of certain drugs. Among them:
contraceptives;
antibiotics;
barbiturates (strong sleeping pills);
some medicinal plants, such as St. John’s wort, sweet clover.
Exogenous
This variety is not so difficult to defeat, the main thing is to identify the culprit. In some cases, it may even be pollen from plants containing coumarins (St. John’s wort), which has settled on the skin after a walk. But often the reaction is provoked by cosmetics.
“A number of ingredients used in cosmetics and perfumes can cause an increase in skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation,” explains Alexander Prokofiev.
Among them:
retinol;
musk;
St. John’s wort, rose, sandalwood, bergamot oils;
extracts of dill and parsley.
In the case of endogenous photodermatitis, in parallel with very responsible sun protection, it will be necessary to focus on the treatment of the underlying disease.
Most of the components that cause photodermatitis are of plant origin. Therefore, carefully read the product information and follow the recommendations for use.
Which doctor should be consulted
First of all, to a dermatologist, he will help to understand the nature of dermatitis. Perhaps even resort to ultraviolet irradiation of parts of the body least exposed to sunlight to verify the reaction.
If a sun allergy is confirmed, the dermatologist will refer you to an allergist. Based on various tests, this doctor will be able to identify with a high degree of probability which substance, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, provokes a skin reaction.
Sunscreen Overview
For children
Children’s sunscreen “Kid in the shade”, SPF 50, Garnier – hypoallergenic formula is designed for children up to 3 years. Protects from broad spectrum sunlight.
Sun milk for children Anthelios Dermo-Pediatrics, SPF 50+, PPD 38, La Roche-Posay suitable for children from 3 years old. Hypoallergenic. A photostable, waterproof product that provides protection against a broad spectrum of radiation.
With physical filter
Ultra Light Daily UV Defense Mineral Sunscreen, SPF 50 PA+++, Kiehl’s does not leave a sticky feeling. Tested on sensitive skin prone to acne. Protects against both types of UV rays.
Sunscreen fluid for sensitive skin with 100% mineral filters Sheer Mineral UV Defense, SPF 50, SkinCeuticals Reliably protects against UVA and UVB rays. The light texture is suitable for all skin types, including reactive ones. The product has been tested on skin that is vulnerable after aesthetic procedures.
With chemical filters for sensitive skin
Idéal Soleil Bi-Phase Moisturizing Sun Spray, SPF 30, Vichy
Thanks to hyaluronic acid, it moisturizes for 8 hours in a row. Features a light, non-sticky texture. Resistant to sand and water.
Sublime Sun Extra Protection Body Milk, SPF 50+, L’Oréal Paris reliably protects the skin from broad spectrum sunlight and protects the epidermis at the cellular level. Can be used for sensitive skin.
Safety measures
If you have already been diagnosed with photodermatitis or other types of allergies, or you just have sensitive skin, follow these rules:
in summer, use products with a high degree of protection and a wide spectrum of activity – against UVA rays;
apply sunscreen in a city where the skin is exposed to both direct and refracted sunlight reflected from shop windows, mirrored windows or shiny metal structures.
Avoid photosensitizing cosmetic ingredients from the list above in summer.
Use retinol products only at night.
Do not do acid peels in the summer.
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