Depending on how we represent the psychological structure of the personality, we build our work with it in different ways. In the synton approach, the main elements of the structure of a healthy personality from the point of view of its life activity are the orientation of the personality and its personal base: the worldview, experience and abilities of a person, his temperament and character, as well as body shape. More about it:
- The cognitive sphere is everything that performs the function of rational cognition in a person: memory, attention, perception, understanding, thinking, decision-making, actions and influences — to the extent or to the extent that they are occupied by cognitive processes, and not by something then others (inclinations, entertainment …). Oversimplifying, we can say that this is competence and knowledge, skills and abilities, mind in its broadest sense.
- The affective sphere is all mental processes that cannot be modeled in a reasonable way. First of all, this is everything that is connected with the motivational-required sphere, the processes of emotional-sensory attitude to life and interaction with the world, oneself and people. Also simplifying, these are usually feelings and premonitions, desires and impulses, motives and needs, impressions and experiences. This is all that is opposed to Reason.
- Worldview — a general vision of the world and attitude towards it. The perception of the world can be positive and negative, realistic and mystical, childish and adult, male and female. Self-concept is an important element of a person’s worldview. See →
- Conscious and unconscious…
- The orientation of the personality is what is really dear to a person, what he really strives for. An integral characteristic of the orientation of a personality is the ability of a person to determine his own goals and values, to be not only an organism, but to be a person. See →
- Experience is the knowledge, skills and abilities of a person deposited in the process of life and activity, including his life style, his habits and automatisms. See →
- Abilities are the most important tool of personality. The more developed a person’s abilities, the more he can do. The main abilities of a person are mental, strong-willed, mental and bodily abilities. There are many private abilities, these are musical, artistic, counting abilities, the ability to master a wide variety of skills. See →
- Character, or psychotype — a set of stable ways of behavior and natural response of a person. Accordingly, as about character traits, they say that there are people who are calm and nervous, reasonable and impulsive, decisive and doubtful, people-sprinters and stayers — there are countless options. See →
- Temperament — the energy and dynamics of human behavior, brightness, strength and speed of his emotional response. Temperamental person — reacting brightly, quickly, loudly! It is common to divide people according to the type of temperament into sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. See →
- Body drawing. The body pattern is made up of a gait pattern, shoulder turn or stoop, a certain head position and a certain gesture pattern, characteristic facial expressions and familiar intonations. See →
There are many other interesting and important parts and elements in the personality (self-consciousness and roles, self-esteem and the level of claims, beliefs and values), but such detailing is possible only when analyzing different levels of personality structure. It is important that, depending on the type and level of personality development in a person, there may be a different set of elements of the psychological structure and a different relationship between them. For example, in a person-organism, the mind is subordinate to his feelings, a person-personality subordinates his feelings to reason. Some people have a developed and present will, others do not. Also, not all people have a real inner “I”: a master who knows how to manage all this internal economy.
The less developed the personality, the more genes determine the body, the body determines the soul, and the soul determines the mind. The more the personality develops, the more the mind enlightens the soul, the soul makes friends with the body, the mind and soul build the body, and a new gene pool accumulates in the body. In everyday life, for most people, the spirit usually sleeps, the mind serves soul impulses, and the soul is guided by their body. It seems that 90% of people live primarily with their bodies. The body is their master, the soul and mind are their servants, we remember the spirit only when we are reminded, and then out of fear. According to the concept of personality, the spirit should be at the head, guiding the mind, soul and body. In a strong person, the mind and soul are the helpers of the spirit, and the body is the child they raise.
The structure of the problem personality
The structure of a problem personality is different from a healthy personality. Such a person is no longer up to striving for something real, she needs to solve her problems, get rid of tension or pain. Issues of psychological defense begin to take the first place … See →