Contents
Application of the questionnaire «positions of perception» to assess the relationship of personality development trainings and positions of perception.
1. Introduction
One of the aspects of a person’s perception of a situation in practical psychology is described by the concept of «position of perception».
There are five main, classic positions:
0. Zero position.
This position was historically added after the first ones (hence the number) and denotes their absence. The zero position consists in a stereotyped reaction, submission to external forces, requirements, standards, traditions, one’s own habits and social stereotypes.
1. First position.
Orientation to own, personal interests, initiatives, needs, desires.
2. Second position.
Understanding and taking into account the interests, needs and desires of the interlocutor, partner,
3. Third position.
A detached look «from the outside», assessing the situation as objectively and impartially as possible.
4. Fourth position.
Summarizing previous approaches, systemic view. This position, being synthetic, is rarely used in analysis.
In addition, we introduced two more:
5. Passive first position.
Uncontrolled dependence on one’s own, personal interests, needs, desires, the psychological need to make them the first priority.
6. Passive second position.
Uncontrolled dependence on the interests, needs and desires of the interlocutor, partner, exposure to external influence.
Thus, the resulting set of scales was divided into two triads:
Scales I, II and III as active, controlled skills, abilities, skills and
Scales O, n1 and n2 as uncontrolled passive dependencies.
2. Methods
The questionnaire «Positions of perception» (own development) was used for the study. The questionnaire was presented through a web interface using the Internet to 1456 respondents, aged 12 to 70 years, 1025 women and 431 men.
Of these, 835 did not undergo any training, 94 were trained by the Sinton shopping center, 407 were trained in other organizations, 91 were trained in Sinton and other organizations.
Sinton’s trainings were singled out in a separate group, since this allowed the number of respondents, because the differences between different training systems are of interest, and because one of the authors was interested in an objective assessment of the quality of Sinton’s trainings.
The results obtained were stenised in accordance with the methodology.
3. Results.
Table 1. Average values for the positions of perception in accordance with the completed trainings.
Figure 1. Average values for the positions of perception in accordance with the completed trainings.
4. Discussion
When analyzing the results, it should be borne in mind that the collected data show a correlation, not a dependence, since the desire to receive training may be a personality trait. However, since it is difficult to assume that the desire to undergo training in a particular training center can be attributed to a personality trait, the differences in the results for the Sinton shopping center and other organizations may indicate the impact of trainings.
Based on this assumption, it can be argued that at least those scales in which there is a noticeable difference between different trainings are subject to the influence of trainings.
This is mainly scale O and partly scale II, from which we can conclude that the passage of trainings results in a decrease in stereotypes, stereotyping, standard perception and the development of conscious sociability. At the same time, Sinton’s trainings significantly benefit in reducing stereotyped perception and slightly lose in the development of emotional communication.
It can be seen that people who have undergone any training demonstrate a more developed «upper» triad of indicators, which is interpreted as a more active, independent life position. As already mentioned, it is not necessary that this position is acquired as a result of passing trainings, but the fact of passing trainings may indirectly indicate a more responsible, «author’s» attitude to life.
Special attention deserves consideration of the group «Any». If an even greater, progressive decrease in the O scale can be explained by a cumulative effect, then higher values of scales I and III can, apparently, only indicate that the desire to participate in more than one training initially belongs to a group of respondents with more responsible, proactive and independent (some failure in n2) attitude to life.