Periodontal diseases, such as tooth hypersensitivity, parodontosis, can also affect people with an impeccable smile, who do not seem to have problems with tooth decay and cavities. A periodontist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis, who should be consulted in case of problems with the gums and oral mucosa.
Periodontology is a branch of dentistry dealing with the prophylaxis and treatment of tissues included in the so-called tooth suspension apparatus. The periodontium, or gum tissue, surrounds the teeth and stabilizes them. The gums are highly vascularized, fleshy and thickened.
The teeth consist of the tooth crown and the tooth necks and roots. The tooth roots are devoid of enamel, which protects the crowns of the teeth – that is, their visible part against damage and the influence of external factors. Periodontium isolates tooth necks and roots from factors such as digestive enzymes, food debris, cold and heat, bacteria and pollution. Due to the close adhesion of the gum tissue to the tooth crowns, the roots are protected against the ingress of food residues and the development of bacteria.
In the case of periodontal damage as a result of mechanical injuries caused by random accidents, eating too hard food, orthodontic wire damage, the continuity of periodontal tissues may be disturbed. If proper oral hygiene is not followed, it can develop rapidly periodontitis, leading to periodontitis, a chronic periodontal disease most commonly treated by periodontists.
Periodontitis they are mainly caused by the build-up of plaque and tartar. Dental plaque is formed by bacteria that accumulate at the base of the tooth crown, i.e. right on the border with the periodontium. With insufficient oral hygiene, bacteria grow very quickly, there is a gradual calcification of the plaque, as a result of which tartar is formed. The resulting tartar irritates the gums and damages the integrity of the tissue, which separates the gums from the teeth and exposes sensitive tooth necks. Bacteria from the exfoliating epithelium in the oral cavity as well as from food and the environment can penetrate into the spaces created as a result of gum irritation. The growth of bacteria causes bad breath, damage to the roots of the teeth, sensitizes the teeth to cold and hot food and drinks, and to touch, even with a toothbrush. Bleeding and soreness may appear during oral hygiene procedures. Gum tissue damage promotes growth periodontitis. In case of untreated damage periodontitis even gingival ulceration may form, and as a result of damage to the tooth roots and periodontal tissue, there is a risk of tooth loss.
At the risk of formation periodontitis and damage smokers suffering from avitaminosis are particularly vulnerable – mainly vitamin C and minerals deficiency. The gums are also damaged by bruxism, i.e. grinding of the teeth occurring mainly on the nervous background, during sleep and stressful situations. Periodontal problems they can also be the result of hormonal disorders, genetic diseases, diabetes, alcohol abuse and the occurrence of malocclusion.
Periodontolog is intended to treat periodontal diseases such as periodontitis and periodontitis, but also carry out preventive measures. When you notice bleeding gums while brushing your teeth, feel pain while eating ice cream, sweets or drinking hot coffee, it is worth visiting as soon as possible. periodontologist to treat periodontal problems before they develop periodontitis. Periodontolog will assess whether surgical treatment is necessary and will instruct you on how to properly care for the oral cavity in order to prevent the development of the problem.
Periodontal treatment is carried out in three basic phases
W first in the hygienization phase, treatments are performed to clean the teeth from plaque and calculus (sandblasting, scaling) and to strengthen the enamel (fluoridation). Second the treatment phase consists of bite therapy and prosthetic treatment and – if necessary – periodontal microsurgery. Third The treatment phase is preventing the disease from recurring: proper oral hygiene, healthy lifestyle and follow-up visits.