Perennial gravel: photos of flowers, types and varieties, growing from seeds

Gravilat is a herbaceous plant for open ground. Many of its species are used for ornamental breeding. Perennials can be propagated in many ways, planted by seeds or seedlings.

Botanical description

Gravilat is a whole genus of herbaceous perennials belonging to the Pink family. Its main characteristics:

• the height of most varieties is up to 0,6 m;
• stems are straight;
• large basal leaves, pinnately lobed or pinnately dissected;
• the color of the flowers is white, yellow or pink, they are wide open, they can be bell-shaped or looking up;
• almost sessile stem and small whole apical leaves;
• inflorescences paniculate or umbellate, with 3-10 buds, in some species single flowers;
• pollination is provided by insects;
• flowering occurs in late spring or early summer;
• the fruit is a polynutlet;
• the seeds are easily separated from the flowers, have a tail and a curved hook at the end.

Gravilat Aleppo (straight) is also called clove root, since its roots can be replaced with cloves

Where does the gravilat plant grow

Gravilat is not found on the planet only on one continent – in Antarctica. In nature, the plant is common in temperate zones. The perennial prefers meadows, but is also found in forests.

Species and varieties

The description and photo of the gravilate flower depends on its type. There are about 50 of them.

Gravilat prirochey

Gravilat prirocheyny (lat. Geum rivale) is also called brook or river. The main characteristics of the plant:

• habitat – North America, all of Europe, China and Central Asia, the European part of Our Country, the Caucasus, the Far East, Western and Eastern Siberia;
• preferred places – moist and damp fertile soil with a slightly acidic reaction, river banks and edges of marshes, meadows, deciduous forests, shrubs;
• height up to 0,8 m;
• stem erect and hairy, dark red, slightly branched, glandular above;
• appressed-shaggy leaves;
• bell-shaped bisexual flowers with a brownish-red calyx and wide petals, up to 1,5 cm in diameter;
• flowering of the plant lasts 2-3 weeks, occurs at the end of spring and the first half of summer;
• many hairy stamens and pistils forming an ovoid head;
• the fruit is a red achene with a hook at the end, which ensures distribution by people and animals;
• fruit ripening occurs in July-August.

Gravity brook is listed in the Red Books of the Saratov and Irkutsk regions in Our Country and the Kharkov region in Ukraine

In ornamental horticulture, Leonardo Var, a specially bred gravilate variety of the brook, is used. It has large flowers with a diameter of 3-4 cm, the height of reddish-brown stems is up to 0,45 m.

The flowers of the Leonardo Var variety have a copper-pink color.

In the spring, the gravilate of the stream serves as a good food for cattle. The plant is a honey plant.

Gravilat bright red

Gravilat bright red (lat. Geum coccineum) is naturally distributed in Western Asia and South-Eastern Europe. Its main characteristics:

• plant height during flowering up to 0,4-0,5 m;
• straight stems with pubescence;
• flower diameter 3-3,5 cm;
• bright orange color;
• flowering lasts 30-40 days, begins at the end of May.

A popular variety of the species is Borisin (Borisii). This orange gravilate has good winter hardiness – it can withstand up to -23 ° C.

Borizin variety blooms in June-September

Urban

City gravel (lat. Geum urbanum) is also called clove root. The s colloquially call it the undergrowth, and the Ukrainians call it the vyvyshnik. It is widely distributed in nature:

• the whole territory of Europe;
• north Africa;
• Caucasus;
• Asia Minor and Central Asia;
• Our Country – the European part, Western Siberia, Ciscaucasia.

This species prefers gardens and parks, edges, roadsides, wastelands. Often it can be found in a spruce or alder forest.

The main characteristics of urban gravilat:

• height 0,3-0,6 m;
• erect stem with soft pubescence, white hairs at the top, branches weakly;
• rhizome thick and oblique, usually unbranched;
• in the basal rosette there are 3-9 leaves, they are round-ovate and unevenly dentate;
• there are few stem leaves, on both sides of the plate are covered with a few hairs and glands on the legs;
• the diameter of single flowers is 1-1,5 cm, the color is yellow;
• dispersal of plant seeds is provided by humans and animals.

Flowering of urban gravilate occurs in May-September, in the European part of Our Country it lasts until July

The plant is called clove root for the characteristic aroma acquired by the oil obtained from dry rhizomes. This perennial has medicinal properties, which were mentioned by Hippocrates.

Gravilat city is a honey plant and an insecticide. Its roots can be used to make red-brown and black dyes, as well as leather tanning, and it gives an additional smell of cloves.

The plant is also used in cooking. Its roots serve as a good seasoning for vegetables. It is also used in the manufacture of canned food and confectionery, brewing and the alcoholic beverage industry. Fresh young leaves of the plant can be added to the salad.

Chilean

Chilean gravel (lat. Geum quellyon) is bred in gardens as an ornamental plant, it has been cultivated for almost 2 centuries and has been successfully used for hybridization. In nature, the perennial is common in Chile. Its main characteristics:

• height up to 0,6 m;
• pinnate leaves in a basal rosette;
• flowers are red, diameter up to 3 cm;
• inflorescence paniculate;
• flowering occurs in May-August, specific dates depend on the variety;
• winter hardiness is good.

Chilean beetle bloom lasts 50 days

The plant is widely used by the Mapuche Indians in folk medicine. They treat toothache, prostatitis and inflammation of the stomach, normalize menstruation. From the roots, an extract is obtained that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.

Gravity hybrid

Hybrid gravel (lat. Geum hybridum) includes forms and varieties that are obtained by crossing other species. Its main characteristics:

• height up to 0,25 m, during flowering – up to 0,6 m;
• flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, may be yellow, orange or red;
• wrinkled lyre-shaped leaves;
• flowers solitary or form corymbose or paniculate inflorescences.

The flowering of hybrid gravel occurs in July-August

Mountain

Mountain gravel (lat. Geum montanum) is common in the center and south of Europe. The Austrians used it in folk medicine for infections, fever, rheumatism, and gout.

This species grows in the mountains at an altitude of 1-3 km. The main characteristics of the perennial:

• compact bush or growing turf;
• height during flowering up to 0,3 m;
• stem erect or ascending, thick;
• basal leaves are lyre-pinnate, petioles are short;
• a small number of small stem leaves;
• flower diameter 3-4,5 cm, petals longer than sepals;
• color golden yellow;
• flowering occurs in May-July.

Gravilat mountain tolerates cold well, although it is a sun-loving plant

Gravity Ross

Ross’s gravilat (lat. Geum rossii) is native to North America. It is distributed mainly in northern Canada and high mountains in the western United States. The main characteristics of the perennial:

• dense bushes up to 0,3 m wide;
• flowering begins in mid-June;
• the color is yellow;
• flowers are small.

Gravilat Ross has good winter hardiness – it can withstand up to -35 ° C

Gravilate Triflorum

The birthplace of the gravilat Triflorum (Latin Geum triflorum) is North America. In nature, it is found from the eastern regions to New York and from northern Canada to California.

The main characteristics of the perennial are:

• reddish-purple stems 0,15-0,4 m high;
• flowering begins in mid-spring and continues until early summer;
• umbrella inflorescences with 3-5 buds;
• 5 purple or deep pink petals with a cream or yellowish tinge;
• only pollinated buds open and turn up.

Americans call this species prairie smoke because of the long, upward-pointing seed hairs.

Gravilat Triflorum is a honey plant. Its flowers attract mainly bumblebees, which are able to get to the nectar even in closed buds. Bumblebees for this species of perennial are effective cross-pollinators.

Top Grades

There are many varieties of gravel of different types. Among them, some are especially popular in horticulture.

Rigoletto

Rigoletto (Rigoletto) – a variety of Chilean gravel. Main characteristics:

• erect stem;
• height up to 0,6 m;
• double flowers of scarlet color, diameter up to 4 cm;
• paniculate inflorescences;
• basal rosette with bright green carved and wrinkled leaves;
• buds bloom alternately, flowering occurs in June-July.

Drained soil is essential for growing Rigoletto gravilata from seeds. The place should be well lit.

The decorative effect of Rigoletto’s gravel remains throughout the season.

Aurelia

Aurelia (Aurelia) – another variety of Chilean gravel. Characteristics of this perennial:

• height up to 0,6 m;
• diameter of double flowers 3-4 cm;
• the stem is straight, the pubescence is small;
• bright golden yellow color;
• flowering begins at the end of June, lasts an average of 50 days.

Gravilat Aurelia seedlings begin to bloom for 2 years

Tinkerbell

Tinkerbell is another variety of Chilean gravilat. Outwardly, it resembles another grade of gravilate Lady Stratheden.

Tinkerbell has golden yellow flowers 4 cm in diameter, collected in panicles

My Thai

Variety Mai Tai (Mai Tai) is a hybrid. It has burgundy stems 0,45 m high and semi-double flowers with a diameter of 3,5 cm.

Mai Tai Gravity flowers have a pale apricot color with a pink blush.

Blazing Sunset

Gravilat Blazing Sunset is Chilean. During flowering, it looks very impressive. The main characteristics of the variety are:

• height up to 0,6 m;
• bright red double flowers, diameter up to 3 cm;
• basal rosette with green pinnate leaves;
• flowering occurs in July-August.

Flowering in this variety is abundant and long

Луна

The variety Luna belongs to the Chilean gravilate and owes its name to the golden yellow color. Characteristics:

• diameter of double flowers 3-4 cm;
• stem height up to 0,6 m;
• inflorescence panicle;
• leaves pinnate, form a basal rosette.

Flowering of the gravilat Luna begins in June and lasts a month

Total Tangerine

Variety Totally Tangerine (Totally Tangerine) is a hybrid. Characteristics:

• bush height 0,35-0,5 m. width 0,4 m;
• flowers 3-4 cm in diameter, tangerine or apricot color;
• dark green foliage;
• height of peduncles 0,75-0,8 m;
• climatic zone 5-7, according to other sources 4;
• the flowers are sterile, their number is several times greater than that of a typical gravilate.

Flowering Totali Tangerine falls on May-September, lasts several months

Flames of Passion

One of the varieties of Chilean gravilat is Flames of Passion. It forms compact bushes with the following characteristics:

• height up to 0,4 m;
• double flowers of a red-cherry hue, diameter up to 4 cm;
• contrasting yellow anthers;
• erect wine-red stems;
• dark green foliage;
• frost resistance zone 4.

Flowering Flames of Passion is long and falls on June-August

Mrs. Bradshaw

Variety Mrs. Bradshaw (Mrs Bradshaw) refers to the Chilean gravel. It grows up to 0,4-0,6 m, has elegant foliage and many scarlet semi-double and double flowers. Their diameter is 3-4 cm.

Blooming Mrs. Bradshaw falls on June-August

Tequila Sunrise

Tequila Sunrise gravilate has an unusual color. In its simple and semi-double flowers, the main tone is yellow, red spots are unevenly distributed on it. They have a different size and intensity of shade.

This variety has abundant flowers. It falls on April-September. Dark red peduncles grow up to 0,55 m, and hairy lobed leaves up to 0,3 m.

Variety Tequila Sunrise is well suited for cutting

sparkling sunset

The Sparkling Sunset variety has a spectacular leaf rosette and bright carmine-colored flowers. The main characteristics of the perennial are:

• height up to 0,6 m, width up to 0,4 m;
• flowering begins 1 year after sowing;
• frost resistance up to -27 °C.

Variety Sparkling Sunset is recommended for the Moscow region, the Urals, the southern regions

Cosmopolitan

Gravilat Cosmopolitan (Cosmopolitan) – another variety with an original color. The main shade is a transparent cream, and the petals are pink at the edges. The flowers of this variety are semi-double, flower stalks grow up to 0,6 m.

The half-opened flowers of Cosmopolitan gravilata resemble small roses.

Fire storm

Variety Firestorm (Fire Storm) is also called Firestorm. Characteristics:

• semi-double orange flowers;
• height 0,35-0,5 m, width 0,45 m;
• flowering begins at the end of June and lasts until mid-September.

Gravilat Firestorm is well suited for alpine slides

Gravity in landscape design

In landscape design, less than half of the types of gravel are used. It attracts with long flowering, after which the decorative effect is preserved due to the beautiful carved foliage.

Gravilat in a flower bed can be combined with different flowering and green species:

• carnations;
• bells;
• peonies;
• phloxes.

Bright gravel creates a beautiful contrast with Veronica Austrian

In a flower bed, gravel is perfectly adjacent to hostas and barberries

Gravilat prirucheyny well planted near natural or artificial reservoirs

In the photo of gravilate flowers, you can often find it among the stones, where it feels great. The plant is well suited for creating rock gardens and rockeries.

Gravilat is well planted along the paths, combining with other flowers and green plants.

Coniferous plants originally shade the gravel

Gravilat looks good in a group planting

For a linear fit, it is better to use gravel in different shades, you can combine it with other colors.

Features of reproduction

Gravilat is grown from seeds or propagated by dividing the bush. It is better to do this in the spring, although in areas with a warm climate it is allowed to carry out work in the fall, but after the seeds have fully matured.

It is necessary to divide the perennial bush so that each plot has a part of the rhizome, live buds and stems with leaves. It is necessary to plant the separated elements with an interval of 20 cm. If the bushes take root quickly, then they will bloom in the first year. When dividing in the fall, the buds will only be in the following spring.

Growing gravel from seeds

From seeds, gravilate is grown in two ways. You can do this through seedlings or sow the material directly into open ground.

Direct sowing into the ground

If you plant gravel seeds directly into the ground, you can greatly simplify the process. The plant is unpretentious, therefore its germination is good.

Growing seedlings

It is not difficult to grow gravilat seedlings. Process algorithm:

1. Prepare a container or box, be sure to have drainage holes.
2. Fill the container with nutrient soil, make grooves at intervals of 5 cm. Deepen a maximum of 2 cm.
3. Spread the seeds in grooves at 3 cm intervals.
4. Cover crops with soil
5. Provide cover with film or glass.

Landing every day to air. Moisten the soil periodically with a spray bottle.

Shelter must be removed after the appearance of sprouts. Care is regular moisturizing. After the appearance of the first pair of leaves of the plant, it is necessary to dive, moving them with an earthen clod. To stimulate the growth and development of perennials in a week, top dressing is needed. Suitable complex formulations for garden flowers.

Planting and caring for gravel

For the successful cultivation of perennial gravel, planting and care must be carried out according to certain rules. It is necessary to choose a suitable place, observe the deadlines, water the plant in a timely manner and prepare it for winter.

Recommended dates

The timing of planting gravilat depends on the chosen method. In open ground, seeds should be sown in early spring, as soon as the soil warms up. Seedlings are planted outside in the second half of May or early June.

Podzimny sowing of seeds is also possible, in which they undergo natural stratification. It is better to plant material in October, when the cold comes. Warming for the winter is not required. Shoots will appear in the spring when it becomes warm.

Site selection and preparation

Gravilat is unpretentious, but for good growth and development, the plant should provide certain conditions:

• loose, well-drained and aerated soil;
• more than half of the composition of the earth should be sand;
• a well-lit place, light partial shade is allowed;

Preparing the site for planting consists of digging, adding sand and removing weeds. The earth must be loosened.

If the acidity of the soil is increased, then wood ash should be added before planting.

Landing algorithm

Features of the process depend on the chosen method. With direct sowing of perennial seeds, they act as follows:

1. Prepare the site, loosen and level the ground. There should be no lumps.
2. Make grooves with an interval of 15 cm.
3. Distribute the seeds in rows, sprinkle them.
4. Moisten the landing. It cannot be poured, otherwise a crust will form on the surface.

In hot, dry weather, crops should be watered a little every day. After germination, thinning is necessary. 5-7 cm should remain between the sprouts. Seedlings that have grown to 15 cm are transplanted with an interval of 40 cm.

When planting seedlings, the site must be prepared according to the standard algorithm. Bushes are placed at intervals of 20 cm.

Watering and fertilizing schedule

Gravilat is resistant to drought, but it cannot be left completely without watering. On hot and dry days, it should be regular and plentiful. The same measures are used if the plant has been left without water for a long time. You can not fill the plantings, otherwise rotting will begin.

Perennial enough to feed 4 times per season. In spring and autumn, the plant needs organic matter, it responds well to humus.

Before flowering, granular mineral fertilizers are used, they should be dominated by a potassium-phosphorus combination. The same top dressing of the plant is carried out in mid-July.

Preparation for winter

Features of preparing a plant for winter depends on the frost resistance of a particular variety. If the temperature does not fall below -15-20 ° C, then no action is required.

If the region has cold winters, then in the fall you need to cut off the entire above-ground part of the perennial, and cover the roots with mulch.

Transplant Features

Gravilat is recommended to be transplanted every 4-5 years. More often this is not necessary, because the plant does not respond well to such changes. It is effective to combine a perennial transplant with its division.

Diseases and pests

Gravilat is resistant to pests, but can be affected by spider mites. This can be caused by moisture deficiency. To combat the pest, plants use acaricides – Aktara, Aktellik, Iskra, Fitoverm, Fufanon.

The spider mite feeds on plant juices, causing the leaves to dry out and die.

Perennials can suffer from rot. In case of severe damage, the plants are destroyed with roots. For the treatment of perennials, fungicides such as Fundazol, Skora, Impact, Quadris, Topaz are used.

Rot can provoke excessive watering of plants. To prevent this trouble it will turn out by mulching.

Medicinal properties and contraindications of gravilat

Healing properties have different parts of the perennial. Decoctions, infusions, powders are prepared from them. Such herbal remedies help with various problems due to their medicinal properties:

• anti-inflammatory;
• wound healing;
• antitumor;
• antiseptic;
• diaphoretic;
• tonic;
• hemostatic;
• increase in potency.

The plant is used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver, oral cavity, rheumatism. A decoction of aerial parts and rhizomes can cure cough, cholecystitis, colitis, gastritis.

In folk medicine, there are remedies from gravilate for both internal and external use.

The composition and value of the plant

The chemical composition of gravel depends on its specific type and variety. The roots and rhizomes of the plant are especially rich in various elements. They are especially valuable:

• tannins;
• essential oil with eugenol, glycosides, resins, starch, bitter substances.

Young leaves of the plant are saturated with ascorbic acid, carotene and tannins. Seeds can contain up to 20% fatty oil.

Feature of application

Gravilat is used in folk medicine, cosmetology, food industry. Each area has its own characteristics.

In folk medicine

Many peoples of the territories where gravilate grows in nature use it for medicinal purposes. From its dry roots, you can prepare a universal decoction:

1. Grind raw materials.
2. Pour 1 tbsp. l. a glass of water, keep for 15 minutes on low heat under the lid.
3. Infuse the decoction for 5-10 minutes, strain.

This remedy is effective in various diseases. Inside it is taken 1-2 tbsp. l., externally for rinsing.

In cosmetology

The healing properties of the plant have found their application in cosmetology:

• to normalize sweating and improve the condition of the skin, baths with a decoction of herbs are effective;
• hard and old calluses are well removed by the juice of the plant;
• for oily skin, a mask of gravilate infusion (1 tsp per 0,5 l of water, keep for 30 minutes) and starch (2 tbsp.) is useful, the mixed ingredients are infused for 15 minutes and applied for half an hour.

Collection and procurement of raw materials

Gravilat grass is harvested at the beginning of flowering, and rhizomes in early spring or autumn. You need to prepare the material like this:

1. Lay out the raw materials in one layer.
2. Dry in a ventilated area or in a special dryer. Maximum temperature 45 °C.
3. Place dry raw materials in an airtight container.

Grass can be stored for 1 year, rhizomes three times longer.

Conclusion

Gravilat is a herbaceous plant for open ground. Many of its species can be used in landscape design; it is not difficult to grow a perennial. The healing properties of the plant have found application in folk medicine and cosmetology.