In early spring, when the buds are just beginning to swell on the trees, the first green leaves of the primrose break out from under the ground. They bloom one of the first, for which they received another name among the people – primrose. In addition, these delicate spring flowers have several other names: rams, the flower of the twelve Gods. And they are called the keys because they open the summer season of bright and elegant flower beds, decorated with flowers of various shades. And flower growers love them not only for their unpretentiousness and inimitable beauty, but for the fact that planting a perennial primrose and caring for them is not particularly difficult.

Brief description of the plant

Primula belongs to the genus of plants of this family. Primrose, which is represented mainly by low, flowering herbs. Primroses are mostly perennial flowers, biennials and annuals are extremely rare.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

In the wild, primrose grows in Central Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and Europe.

Perennial primrose (pictured below), planting and caring for which is not too burdensome, has rather powerful roots. Juicy, emerald-colored leaves are collected in leaf rosettes, located very close to the root system. Wrinkled, whole leaves, depending on the variety, have a simple or slightly elongated shape. In some varieties, the foliage seems to be covered with a gray-green wax coating.

Bright, colorful flowers of garden perennial primrose are located on numerous long peduncles. On one peduncle, from 3 to 10 inflorescences can bloom simultaneously. The number of peduncles in one outlet is up to 20.

Interesting! Discovered in 1921, the asteroid is named Primula after this flower.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Five-petal flowers of the correct form are presented in a very rich color palette. Solid, bordered by a contrasting border, two-, three- and even four-color, single or collected in inflorescences in the form of brushes or umbrellas – the variety of varieties and types of perennial primrose can amaze even inveterate flower growers.

Usually the height of the peduncles is not much higher than the height of the primrose bushes. However, there are varieties in which flower stalks reach 30-40 cm in height. A small bush covered with flowers looks luxurious and spectacular in a flower bed, impressing with a riot of colors and an abundance of flowering.

After abundant flowering, fruits are formed on the peduncles – seed boxes of a cylindrical or spherical shape. Perennial primrose is unpretentious and quickly adapts to any conditions. These delightful flowers are grown not only in gardens and home gardens, but also at home.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

What types and varieties exist

More than 400 species, not counting hybrids and varieties that have appeared relatively recently – a fairly wide range.

In the article, you will learn not only the secrets of planting and caring for flowers, but you will also be able to see some of the most beautiful varieties of perennial primrose in the photo.

Interesting! In Germany, an interesting belief is associated with primrose – the girl who is lucky enough to be the first to find a flower will definitely get married the same year.

Ear primrose

This species includes evergreen herbaceous perennials with leathery, thick leaves of bright green color. The size of the flowers reaches 2 cm in diameter. Flower growers appreciate hybrid varieties of plants, represented by a rich color scheme. This group includes several truly unique varieties of flowers, the buds of which are painted in several very bright and contrasting colors.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Primula pubescent

Another type of flower worthy of attention is the perennial pubescent primrose and a photo of several copies. All varieties belonging to this species are hybrids bred by crossing the eared and stiff-haired primrose. Compact perennial, no more than 15 cm in height, has high frost resistance. The flowers are located on powerful, erect pedicels up to 15 cm in height. Inflorescences consist of 5-15 flowers.

Abundant flowering lasts from May to the end of June.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Small-toothed primrose

Bushy perennial. The inflorescences of this species are large, spherical, and consist of a large number of burgundy, snow-white, purple or purple small flowers, the diameter of which is from 0,5 to 2,5 cm. The inflorescence can reach 10 cm in diameter. The height of the peduncles ranges from 20-25 cm.

Fine-toothed perennial primrose blooms violently and luxuriantly, as in the photo, from April to mid-late June. The leaves of the flowers are covered with a peculiar coating, and it is strongly not recommended to moisten them.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

florinda primrose

This type of flowers includes perennial plants, characterized by abundant and long flowering and inimitable buds in the form of bells. Planting and caring for perennial garden primroses (see photo), belonging to the florinda species, is preferably carried out near small reservoirs.

A feature of competent care is the regular thinning of the flower garden. To do this, 3-4 basal rosettes are left on one bush, and the rest are cut off. In this case, the plant will thank you with lush flowering from early June to late August. Perennial primroses, belonging to the Florinda species, need mandatory shelter for the winter.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Interesting! In Great Britain, according to ancient legends, fabulous creatures live in these modest and amazing flowers – little fairies and gnomes.

What are the breeding methods

Growing a perennial garden primrose is an entertaining and exciting process. First of all, this is a huge field of activity for those who like to experiment, grow new varieties, create unique flower arrangements in landscape design. And the garden primrose can fully satisfy all the desires of the most sophisticated gardeners.

Primrose can be propagated in several ways:

  • seeds;
  • dividing the bush (or rosettes);
  • leaf plates.

And in order to grow these inimitable flowers, you need to know not only the rules for planting and caring for perennial primrose in the open field, but also a few secrets that will help you achieve a positive result.

How to grow flowers from seeds

The peculiarity of growing garden perennial primrose from seeds is that during the first year you have to grow flowers at home. In open ground, the plant is transplanted only in the second or third year after planting.

At first glance, it may seem that this is a very time-consuming and troublesome process. In fact, planting seeds and caring for a perennial primrose will not take you much time and effort, and the reward for your care will be bright and inimitable flowers that decorate your garden in early spring with amazing and rich colors.

Important! When collecting primrose seeds, it is important to remember that the seed material collected from the flowers of hybrid varieties does not retain the characteristics of varietal affiliation with this method of reproduction.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Before growing a perennial primrose, the seeds must be stratified without fail. This can be done in several ways:

  • put dry flower seeds for several days in the freezer for 2-3 days, and then sow;
  • if sowing is carried out in February-March, you can leave dry seeds for several days on the veranda / balcony;
  • after sowing, do not water the flowers, but put a few handfuls of snow on the ground and level it over the surface. The layer of snow should be at least 5-7 cm.

In general, planting seeds of perennial primrose is not much different from sowing other garden flowers:

  • in containers prepared in advance with a laid drainage layer and 2/3 filled with soil mixture, primrose seeds are laid out with a minimum distance of 3-4 cm;
  • the surface layer of soil should not exceed 5-7 mm;

    Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

  • garden primrose seeds germinate for a long time – about 3-4 weeks, so be patient;
  • the signal for picking is the appearance of 2-3 full-fledged leaves.

After picking a perennial primrose planted with seeds, provide the flowers with proper care. Flowers are best distributed in separate flower pots. As a suitable place, you need to determine for them a not too bright window sill.

Interesting! Since ancient times, people have known the healing properties of flowers: the British add young, juicy leaves to salads in the spring, and roots as a spice; Dried primrose flowers were used in Germany to drink tea, which was credited with soothing properties; in ancient Our Country, primrose is still considered a flower that gives health, strength and vigor.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Make sure that the soil in containers with flower seedlings does not dry out. Fertilize primrose grown from seeds according to the recommended scheme. The first flowers, indicating the arrival of the long-awaited spring, will appear no earlier than in a year or two. The timing of flowering depends on the variety and growing conditions.

How to properly divide a bush

Dividing the bush is the most popular method of propagation of garden primrose. This method has a lot of advantages:

  • the fastest result;
  • preservation of species and varietal characteristics in full;
  • simplicity and ease of implementation.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Considering that after planting, with good care, the perennial primrose grows quite quickly, the bushes must be divided and planted at least once every 4-5 years. This procedure is vital for plants, since old roots can no longer fully absorb nutrients. Over time, rosettes become smaller, flowering becomes scarce, varietal characteristics disappear forever.

Overgrown bushes of perennial primrose need to be well watered per day. Carefully dig up the plants with a pitchfork, trying to cause as little damage to the root system as possible. Shake off excess soil and gently rinse the rhizome.

Divide the root system only with a clean, sharp knife. Please note that each separated part should have at least 2 rosettes and a piece of healthy root.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Important! Primrose can be propagated by dividing the bush either before or after flowering.

Delenki are planted in accordance with the rules for planting a garden perennial primrose and provide the flowers with proper care.

If you want to propagate the plant or share your luxurious flowers with someone, and it’s too early to plant primroses, you can carry out a more gentle division procedure.

In this case, you do not need to dig the entire bush. It is enough to separate young rosettes with a small piece of root with a sharp knife from the edge. Plant the separated parts immediately in a new place. As with dividing a bush, garden primrose can be propagated in this way either in early spring, when it has not yet bloomed, or after flowering. The second option is more preferable.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Reproduction by leaf plates

Some varieties of perennial primroses also reproduce with the help of leaf plates. And this method, as with the cultivation of perennial primrose from seeds, will also require a lot of time and effort. But when did that stop avid flower growers wanting to spruce up their home gardens with new, chic flower varieties?

Reproduction by leaf plates is a fairly well-known and affordable method that allows you to save all the varietal characteristics of the original plant. And he is very familiar to many flower growers. This is how domestic violets are propagated.

After flowering, the most healthy and strong leaves with cuttings are separated from the bush. Please note that the foliage should be elastic. Sluggish, yellowed and diseased leaves are not suitable for breeding perennial primrose.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Many flower growers advise stratifying soaked or already swollen seeds. This is fundamentally wrong! Waiting for seedlings with this method of stratification is useless!

To speed up root formation, cut the leaf plate by 2/3. That is, in your hands you should have a petiole on which 1/3 of the leaf is located. Treat the petiole with a stimulant for the formation and growth of roots.

The seedlings prepared in this way are planted in flower pots filled with soil mixture for growing indoor flowers. Cuttings should be deepened at an angle and no more than 2 cm.

The stalk of a perennial primrose takes root for a long time. You will be able to see the first signs of rooting no earlier than in 3-4 weeks. To speed up the process, you can cover the flower cuttings with glass jars. As soon as the first small leaves appear, the shelter can be removed.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Rules for planting primrose

As you know, not only the appearance of the plant, but also the splendor of flowering, as well as the preservation of varietal characteristics over a long period, depend on how competently and scrupulously all recommendations for planting and caring for perennial primrose are fulfilled.

Choosing a suitable area

Most garden flowers prefer sunny, well-lit areas. For shaded and low-light places, it is very difficult to pick up plants. Perennial garden primrose is a great option to fill in empty areas.

When choosing a variety, you need to pay attention to color preferences. Some varieties love exceptionally sunny places, for others shaded areas on the north side of buildings or under trees are ideal, while others are best planted near small bodies of water.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Interesting! Salad, scrambled eggs, vitamin green noodles, soups, curd paste – cooking these dishes will not do without primrose leaves.

Please note that an incorrectly chosen place will immediately adversely affect the plant. Light-loving primroses planted in the shade will often get sick. Shade-loving flowers planted in a brightly lit area will not give that brightness and splendor during flowering.

We determine the optimal timing

When determining the optimal time for planting perennial primrose, not only the method of propagation of flowers is important, but also the estimated time of transplanting into open ground.

When seed propagation, you can sow flowers:

  • Autumn. It is advisable to sow the seeds of perennial primrose immediately in open ground in October-December. This method of sowing seeds is deservedly considered the most effective, since the seed material undergoes a process of natural stratification.

    Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

  • In early spring, planting seeds of perennial primrose is carried out in late February – early March.
  • In summer, seeds can be sown after the seed pods have matured. When planting and caring for perennial primrose in the summer, it is important to ensure that the soil is always moist.

It is preferable to plant perennial primrose in open ground in early spring, when the air temperature is at least +14˚С +16˚С. In most regions, the suitable period falls on the end of April – the beginning of May. Before planting, flowers kept at home must be hardened for a week.

In autumn, plants can be transplanted only one year after sowing. Mid-late October is the most suitable time for planting primrose in open ground.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Interesting! The history of ancient Germany has its own saga about primroses, according to which these flowers are the keys belonging to Freya, the goddess of spring.

Soil preparation

When growing garden perennial primrose outdoors or at home, it is important to know that the plant grows best and blooms luxuriantly on light, loose and fertile soils.

Soil moisture is important. In areas for planting primrose should not be stagnant moisture. Areas with a high level of groundwater are also unsuitable for growing flowers – the root system will rot and the plant will die.

Before planting a perennial primrose on depleted soil, it must be fertilized in advance. For 5-7 days before the intended planting of primrose, enrich the soil with the following mixture per 1 m²:

  • compost – 10 kg;
  • humus – 5 kg;

    Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

  • peat – 5 kg;
  • sand – 5 kg.

If desired, you can add complex mineral fertilizers to the soil. Carefully dig and level the future flower bed.

Primroses can be planted on a site prepared in this way no earlier than a week later.

Secrets of landing

In general, the process of planting perennial primrose is not much different from planting other garden flowers. However, there are several recommendations that it is advisable to follow so that the subsequent results are not deplorable:

  • When growing garden primrose from seeds in open ground, flowers can be planted only 1-2 years after growing at home.
  • The minimum distance between flowers depends on the variety and size of the plants. For compact primroses, keep an interval of 15 cm, for large ones – at least 20 cm.

    Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

  • When planning a flower bed, consider an important feature of annual or perennial primroses – they absolutely do not like free space. Try to plant flowers so that during the growth process there are practically no empty areas between the bushes.
  • It is best to transplant or plant primroses in cool weather. The best landing time is early morning or evening.
  • When planting in autumn, flowers must be covered for the winter even before the onset of frost. Weak, fragile primroses do not have time to fully prepare for frost.

Immediately after the completion of planting work, the flowers should be watered abundantly and shaded for 3-4 days.

Advice! Despite the fact that primroses are moisture-loving plants, the soil in the flower garden should pass moisture well.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Aftercare

Despite the fact that the primrose does not need close attention and constant care, it will be almost impossible to grow truly luxurious flowers that delight in early spring with their bright colors without observing the rules of agricultural cultivation. This amazing beauty is not too demanding in this regard.

How often to water primroses

Perennial and annual primrose is a very moisture-loving plant. The soil in the flower garden should always be moist. In spring, you need to water the flowers at least 1-2 times a week. But in summer, the frequency of watering, as well as the volume of water, needs to be doubled.

It is especially important to pay great attention to this point of care after planting a perennial primrose, as well as during flowering. After planting the plants in the spring, plantings should be watered every day for 1,5-2 weeks.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

In rainy weather and with excessive moisture, watering can be excluded.

Feeding scheme

Do not forget about fertilizers. Regular enrichment of the soil with minerals is an important component of competent care for garden primrose after planting, in the budding phase, and during flowering.

During a period of relative rest, the primrose does not particularly need additional feeding. It is necessary to fertilize flowers no more than 2-3 times during the entire vegetative period:

  • In early spring, as soon as the snow melts and the first signs of the plant awakening from winter sleep appear, feed the primroses with a mineral complex.
  • In June-July, it is better to use organic matter.
  • In the second half of August, ammonium nitrate can be added.

The winter hardiness of primrose is increased by fertilizing based on potassium and superphosphate. Therefore, ammonium nitrate can be replaced with phosphorus-containing fertilizers.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

Interesting! Catherine the Great, Empress of Our Country, loved primroses more than all garden flowers.

preventive measures

Since the primrose is a great lover of moisture, it is often affected by fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, rust, rot, and bacterial spotting. At the slightest sign of the appearance of fungal diseases, plants should be treated with fungicides.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

With the manifestation of bacterial diseases, more drastic measures are taken. Affected flowers are removed, the soil is treated with special preparations. It is undesirable to plant a perennial primrose in the same place for 4-5 years.

Insects also often choose primrose as a haven. As soon as you notice the appearance of aphids, weevils, spider mites or fleas in the flower garden, take urgent action. Spray the flowers with insecticides.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds

The author of the video will share his secret of growing perennial primrose from seeds with you

PRIMULS. SECRETS OF SOWING.

Conclusion

Due to the brightness and variety of colors, perennial primrose will help to emphasize the dignity of your backyard plot and fill empty spaces with beautiful flowers. Any shaded corner of the garden will look rosy and inviting. By combining several different varieties, you can create chic and unique flower beds and flower arrangements that will bring aesthetic pleasure from spring to the end of summer.

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