Pepper varieties resistant to diseases and low temperatures

Bulgarian pepper is a southern culture, which is considered to be the birthplace of Central America. It is clear that the climate of Our Country is radically different. For a long time, it was believed that sweet peppers were completely unsuitable for growing in the northern country. However, science does not stand still, every year new varieties and hybrids appear, which are distinguished by increased resistance not only to low temperatures, but also to diseases.

If earlier gardeners and summer residents could grow bell pepper for themselves only in a greenhouse or under cover, today there are a lot of varieties intended even for the northern regions and the Urals. A brief overview of varieties of peppers that are resistant to low temperatures will be presented in this article. And also – some rules for growing this capricious culture.

How to choose a variety that is resistant to cold and disease

Pepper is a very delicate plant that requires constant care. It needs to be watered regularly and plentifully, to push the earth, to fertilize with mineral fertilizers. Today there are hybrids that are less picky. They are perfect for summer residents who visit their sites only on weekends.

Hybrids appear by crossing several varieties, while the last plants (“descendants”) have the best qualities of their “ancestors”. It is these peppers that are the most stable: they are not afraid of either cold or disease.

“Liceday”

One of the tallest varieties – “Litsedey”. The bushes of this plant reach 150 cm in height, not being lower than a meter. It is better to plant such tall peppers in a greenhouse so that they are not damaged by wind or heavy rain. The plant is tied up several times a season.

The fruits themselves are also very large – the average weight of one reaches 300 grams. The peel has a bright red hue, the shape of the fruit is elongated, cone-shaped. You can recognize the variety by the rounded tip.

The flesh of the pepper is very juicy, the walls are thick. From these peppers you can cook any dish, as well as eat raw and canned.

The variety is not afraid of diseases and low temperatures. With proper care, up to 14 mature, large fruits are removed from one bush of this variety.

“Bagration”

This plant is also quite tall – bushes reach 100 cm. The variety can be safely planted in open ground – it is hardened and resistant to diseases such as verticillium and tobacco mosaic.

The shape of mature peppers is cuboid. Colour: Yellow with red and green tints. The peel is fleshy, smooth, with clear edges. This variety is valued primarily for its excellent taste – peppers can be put in salads, various dishes and sauces, canned for the winter.

One fruit weighs about 200 grams, about 14 of these vegetables can be removed from each bush per season.

“Nafanya”

The bush of this plant is low – the height does not exceed 0,7 meters. The variety is excellent for growing in central Our Country and the Urals. Pepper is resistant to sudden, short-term cold snaps and some dangerous diseases.

Ripe vegetables are dark red, sometimes purple. The shape of the fruit is cone-shaped, with a strongly pointed tip. The mass of each does not exceed 180 grams.

Peppers are distinguished by high taste characteristics and a long fruiting period. During the season, many ovaries appear on the bushes; with good care, up to 15 fruits can be removed from each plant.

“Tomboy”

The bushes of this variety are very compact – up to 70 cm in height, which is excellent for growing peppers in open ground. Ripe fruits can be colored in any shade of yellow: from reddish to orange-orange.

The shape of the peppers is cone-shaped, the tip is rounded. The mass of one fruit is only 130 grams, but up to 25 fruits ripen on each bush.

The variety is high-yielding, the fruits are distinguished by a sweet taste and increased juiciness.

How to grow pepper seedlings

In hot countries, pepper is grown for several seasons in a row, because it is a perennial crop. But in the temperate climate of Our Country, pepper has to be planted every year.

If the pepper is sown with seeds, it simply does not have time to ripen before the onset of cold weather. The growing season of this plant is from 95 to 140 days. To speed up the ripening process, peppers are planted in seedlings.

Seedlings are prepared in winter – in early to mid-February. According to the rules, pepper for seedlings must be planted in this way:

1. Prepare the soil and seeds.
2. Sow pepper seeds in wide and shallow wooden boxes, water.
3. Cover the box with foil and put in a warm place.
4. When the first shoots appear, remove the film. Constantly maintain a high temperature – 25-27 degrees.
5. When the plant already has two leaves, it must be dived – planted separately.
6. In disposable or organic cups, pepper is planted one plant at a time.
7. Two weeks before planting seedlings in the ground, it is necessary to lower the air temperature by several degrees, thereby tempering the pepper.
8. Bushes with 7-8 good leaves are planted in a greenhouse or in the ground.

Varieties destined for Siberia

The sharply continental climate of Siberia and the northern regions of the country is responsible for a very short summer with unstable temperatures. Sharp cooling is possible here, so it is better to grow heat-loving bell peppers in greenhouses or at least under temporary shelters.

Previously, it was believed that only varieties of pepper with small fruits, thin walls and dry pulp are suitable for Siberia. Such peppers tolerate cold better, but do not “shine” in taste – their aroma is weakly expressed, they have a bitter aftertaste. Such vegetables are only suitable for canning or stuffing, but not suitable for salads and fresh consumption.

Enjoy the taste of bell pepper, its juiciness, get all the vitamins and minerals contained in it, today you can even in the north. Breeders have bred a lot of cold-resistant varieties and hybrids that can be planted in open ground.

“Kolobok”

The bushes of this variety are very small, their height reaches only 60 cm. The culture belongs to early ripening – the first vegetables can be eaten already on the 110th day after planting the seeds.

The fruits are bright red in color and have a cubic shape. Inside the fruit is divided into four chambers, its walls are very thick and fleshy – up to 8 mm.

The vegetable is considered one of the most delicious, has an unusually juicy and fragrant pulp. Peppers grow small – their weight rarely exceeds 90 grams.

The variety can be grown both in open ground and in a greenhouse. It is perfect for canning and eating fresh, preparing salads, a variety of dishes.

“Firstborn of Siberia”

Mid-early variety that allows you to get the first fruits already on the 112th day after planting the seeds in the soil. The culture was bred at the Siberian experimental station, so it is great for the local climate.

Pepper bushes are very compact – their height lies in the range of 40-45 cm. The fruits themselves are also small – the weight of each ranges from 50 to 55 grams.

The shape of the fruit is pyramidal, they may have a yellowish or reddish tint. The wall thickness of the pepper is approximately 9 mm, which, with such a compact size, makes the vegetable very fleshy and juicy.

The taste of the fruit is excellent – sweetish, with a characteristic aroma. From each meter of the garden plot, you can collect up to 4 kg of excellent harvest.

Novosibirsk

In the same research institute, the Novosibirsk variety of Bulgarian pepper was also selected. Unlike the “Firstborn of Siberia”, this crop is best grown in greenhouses or greenhouses. Bushes grow up to 100 cm in height, need to be tied up.

Peppers are small – weighing up to 60 grams, their walls are up to 6 mm thick. The fruit tastes very sweet and juicy.

It is necessary to plant a variety with seedlings. It is sown in mid-February, and two months later the seedlings are transferred to greenhouse soil. After 35-40 days after that, you can count on the first harvest.

“Siberian”

One of the most adapted varieties of bell pepper for the climatic conditions of Siberia is “Sibiryak”. Its bushes are low – up to 60 cm, the fruits are small.

The mass of one vegetable is 110-150 grams. The peel of peppers is red, glossy. The shape is like a cube.

Even with poor care, poor climatic features, “Sibiryak” will survive and give a stable harvest in the region of 6-7 kg per square meter.

The first fruits appear on the 115-120th day after sowing the seeds, which makes it possible to classify the variety as mid-ripening. Vegetables tolerate transportation well and are suitable for long-term storage.

Pepper for the Urals

The climate of the Urals is not as severe as in the far north of the country, but it is also not considered favorable for growing heat-loving crops. Special varieties of bell pepper are grown here both in open ground and in heated or unheated greenhouses.

The best time for planting seedlings in the soil is the end of May – the beginning of June. Varieties are chosen early, capable of yielding a crop in a short time – three months. So, even in the conditions of a short and cool summer with unstable temperature and humidity, you can get quite high yields of a tasty and healthy vegetable.

“Montero”

An early ripe variety can be grown in both heated and unheated greenhouses. The bushes are quite high – up to 120 cm, they need to be tied up in several places.

The fruits grow large, their weight can vary depending on the conditions and nutritional value of the soil – from 260 to 900 grams. The wall thickness is about 9 mm, this pepper tastes very juicy and sweet.

With good care, up to 16 kg of vegetables can be obtained from each meter of soil, which makes it possible to classify the variety as high-yielding.

“Pioneer”

A variety bred specifically for growing in the Ural lands – “Pioneer”. The culture gives low, but stable yields – only up to 1 kg per meter of land. But this variety can be grown in open ground without shelter and heating.

The bushes are small – up to 70 cm in height. The fruits are also small – up to 55 grams. The peel is painted bright red, the walls are thick – up to 5 mm. The shape of the fruit is a pointed cone.

On the 116th day, you can get the first vegetables even in the open field of the Ural climate.

“Bogatyr”

One of the most popular varieties in cold regions is Bogatyr pepper. The plant belongs to mid-season, the first vegetables appear on the 120th day after planting seeds for seedlings.

Even with insufficient lighting and constant temperature changes, mature fruits reach 18 cm in length and 200 grams of weight. The pepper is very juicy and sweet. It is better to use it for conservation, it perfectly retains its taste and nutritional properties.

“Red Bull” and “Yellow Bull”

These “twin brothers” also belong to mid-early varieties – the first harvest can be harvested on the 120th day after planting.

Bushes must be tied up, as heavy fruits can break branches. After all, the mass of one Yellow Bull pepper often reaches 300 grams, and its “brother” can weigh as much as 450 grams.

The length of the fruit is 20 cm, the peel is thin, and the pulp is juicy. Taste is quite high.

«Winnie the Pooh»

An ornamental variety. The bushes are small and compact, their height reaches only 30 cm. The fruits themselves are also very small, but sweet. They grow in clusters, which looks very attractive.

You can not only feast on such a plant, but also decorate a garden plot or flower bed with it. Small red cones ripen quite quickly – on the 115th day after planting the seeds.

These scarlet “bouquets” can also be eaten – peppers are great for making sauces, canning and eating fresh.

How to choose a cold-resistant variety

To choose a good variety of bell pepper, you need to analyze the conditions in which it will be grown.. General recommendations for gardeners from the northern and central regions of the country look like this:

1. You need to choose early-ripening (in extreme cases, mid-ripening) varieties of bell pepper. Only such crops will have time to ripen in a short summer, because their growing season is 95-120 days. Given that the seedlings should stand warm for 2 months, and only then planted in the ground, the first vegetables can be obtained by mid-July.
2. The soil for pepper needs nutritious, loose. Choose a site with good lighting and protection from strong winds.
3. Tall varieties must be tied up, the fruits on them are usually large, they can break the fragile branches of the plant. Crops taller than 90 cm should only be planted in a greenhouse to protect them from gusts of wind.
4. In Our Country, pepper is planted only with seedlings. This applies to both the northern regions and the south of the country.
5. In a bad climate, you need to have a small greenhouse, a tunnel, covering material on the site to protect the plants during sudden temperature fluctuations.
6. Peppers need to be watered regularly, trying not to wet the foliage. It is better to do this in the morning, so that the earth dries up by the cool night.

By following all the rules, you can grow a good crop of bell pepper even in the cold climate of Siberia and the Urals.