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Thanks to selection, today there is a wide variety of pear varieties that differ in both taste and climatic conditions of growth. Since not all varieties can grow in certain climatic latitudes, the question of choosing the type of fruit tree should be approached very carefully and responsibly. In this article, we will consider pear varieties for the Moscow region.
Optimal conditions for growing pears in the suburbs
The Moscow region is located in a certain climatic zone, which, of course, has a number of parameters. And they are not suitable for all varieties of pears. Its climatic features have a significant impact on the possibility of growing certain fruit trees in a given latitude. Thus, before purchasing seedlings, you must first familiarize yourself with the climatic features of the selected planting site. Let us consider in more detail the area of the Moscow region.
The Moscow region is located in the middle zone, which implies the presence of hot summers and cold winters, between which there are transitional periods – autumn and spring. A positive characteristic of the area is the presence of sufficient rainfall to minimize additional irrigation.
One of the fundamental points that is of decisive importance for the growth and yield of a planted pear seedling is the time and place of planting. This tree is characterized by thermophilicity and varying degrees of frost resistance when changing the place of growth (depending on the variety). Therefore, the selection of a pear variety for the Moscow region is a very important aspect, since not every variety has the necessary characteristics for maximum yield and growth duration in this area.
As you know, it is possible to plant young seedlings, as well as transplant existing adult trees, both in spring and autumn. But experienced gardeners in this area are advised to carry out the above manipulations in the fall. This process is carried out in the period between the time when all the leaves on the tree have already fallen, but the moment of the first frost is still far away.
It is recommended to plant annual or biennial seedlings with a developed and strong root system in order to ensure maximum survival of the plant.
Newly planted trees have tenacious and thorny branches that perfectly resist windy weather.
In the spring, after planting, the first buds will begin to bloom on the pear, which is rarely possible during spring planting.
A seedling should be planted only in the southwestern or southern parts of your garden plot, since this fruit tree has a high thermophilicity.
Landing pits should be prepared about a week before planting. Its dimensions should be 60x60x60 cm. We loosen the bottom of the pit and introduce rotted manure (it should not be fresh, otherwise the seedling may dry out), wood ash and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
We form an earthen roller around the planted plant, which will positively affect the preservation of moisture for a longer time after watering. After watering, we mulch the ground with hay, straw, sawdust or leaves. This technique will help the seedling to calmly endure possible sharp temperature fluctuations, which is very typical for the Moscow region. It will also reduce the risk of weeds.
In such rather harsh climatic conditions, it is very problematic to grow most varieties of pears. But, thanks to the work of breeders, varieties have appeared that are suitable for such climatic conditions.
Video “Pear planting in the middle lane”
The key to good fruiting and healthy growth of a tree is its proper planting, which will be discussed in this video.
Summer varieties
Summer pear varieties are the earliest. Their fruits begin to ripen closer to August. But a significant drawback of such trees is the poor preservation of fruits. Therefore, they must either be eaten immediately or preserved (jams, compotes, jams).
The most suitable summer varieties of pears for the Moscow region are:
- Lada. It is considered one of the earliest summer varieties. It tolerates winter and drought very well. It has great resistance to fungal diseases. Outwardly, it is a medium-sized tree with a pyramidal crown. Fruits weighing up to 150 g and yellowish in color with a reddish blurred blush. Their taste is sweet and sour. Pears are rich in P-active substances and fructose. Fruiting begins 3 or 4 years after planting. The harvest is stable. The variety is slightly susceptible to scab;
- Prominent or Bumpy. It is considered a late summer variety. Fruit ripening occurs in early September. It has high winter hardiness and resistance to fungal infections. Pears have a yellowish-green tint that turns orange when ripe. The fruits are rough and uneven. They do not mature at the same time. Pears can be stored on a tree, because they sit firmly on the branches, but they are very poorly transported. The tree bears fruit in the fifth year;
- Chizhovskaya. Late summer variety. Good resistance to frost and certain diseases. Fruiting starts from the third year. Pears have a pink hue. The taste is sweet and sour. The variety is self-fertile;
- Tenderness. Pears ripen by September. They are greenish and red. They are quite large in size – up to 200 g. The yield is quite high. Its fruits are stored for a long time at zero temperature;
- Cathedral. It is a mid-season variety. Very popular in the Moscow region. The fruits are medium, their weight is about 100 g. They ripen in early August. The taste is sour with a sweet aftertaste. Fruit ripening is fast. Low susceptibility to disease and frost.
Autumn varieties
In addition to varieties that ripen in summer, there are a number of pear varieties that bear fruit in autumn and can grow in the Moscow region.
Fall varieties that can grow in this area include:
- Muscovite. It is considered an early autumn species. The tree is small, but rather powerful skeletal branches are characteristic. Fruits are well stored and transported. Pears from the branches do not crumble. They are light yellow with green flecks. The pulp of pears is juicy and has a pronounced aroma. The fruits ripen quickly;
- Favorite Yakovlev. Trees bear fruit from the fifth year. The yield is increasing every year. Fruit color is a mixture of yellow and green. They have a sweet-sour taste with quince aroma. There is no astringency. They ripen in mid-September;
- Fabulous. The trees are tall. The fruits are quite large and have a mass of 250 g. The taste is pleasant. Their color is greenish with a yellow tint. Keeps for two weeks. They make purees and juices. This variety is resistant to scab and gall mite;
- Columnar pear. In the area of the Moscow region, early autumn or late autumn varieties are usually planted, which are characterized by an average winter hardiness. Late autumn species have a greenish color with orange patches. Fruits can reach up to 200 g in weight. The taste is pleasant. Early autumn species have wide fruits, the weight of which can reach 300 g. Pears are very juicy and fragrant;
- Elegant Efimova. The variety is very productive and has high winter hardiness. The appearance of the fruit is very beautiful. Pears are red-green in color. The crop should be harvested in a timely manner, otherwise they quickly overripe. The fruits may ripen in late August or throughout September;
- Faith Yellow. Fruit ripening occurs in the last days of September. Characterized by high winter hardiness. The yield starts from the sixth year. Peaks and declines in productivity are noted. The fruits are small, up to 170 g.
As you can see, in such a rather severe climatic zone, in which the Moscow region is located, you can grow a large number of varieties of our favorite pear.