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Pear Moskvichka was bred by domestic scientists S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov in the 80s of the last century. The variety is adapted to the climatic conditions of the Moscow region. The parent for the Moskvichka pear is the Kieffer variety, which grows in the southern regions. Variety Moskvichka is suitable for planting in the Central strip and the Volga region.
Characteristics of a variety
Description of pear Moskvichka:
- medium-sized tree of standard type;
- dense crown, at a young age it has the shape of a funnel, in adult plants it has a conical shape;
- gray bark;
- average shoot formation;
- curved brown shoots;
- medium oval leaves, serrated at the edges;
- elastic curved sheet plate;
- cup-shaped white inflorescences;
- inflorescences include 5-7 buds.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety have the following features:
- average weight 120 g;
- wide pear shape;
- yellow skin with a greenish tint;
- the presence of dots on the surface of the fruit;
- white, dense and juicy pulp;
- in the core the pulp is granular;
- a blush is rarely observed;
- high taste qualities;
- pronounced aroma;
- sweet and sour taste.
The ripening of fruits of pear Moskvichka falls on September. The fruits are harvested when the skin turns yellow. At zero temperature, the crop is stored for up to 3 months. In room conditions, the fruits are kept for no more than 2 weeks.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety are plucked green before maturity. A ripe pear does not crumble and retains its external properties after ripening. The transportability of the variety is average.
Fruiting varieties Moskvichka begins 3 years after planting. The tree annually yields a crop of 35-40 kg.
Planting a pear
The Moskvichka variety is planted after preparing the soil and the planting pit. The variety is demanding on the location of the site, the quality of the soil and access to the sun. Healthy trees with a developed root system take root most quickly.
Site preparation
A place for a Moskvichka pear is chosen taking into account its location and illumination. A part of the land located on the south or south-west side of the site is allotted under the tree. The place should be sunny, but not too hot.
The high location of groundwater adversely affects the development of the pear. With constant exposure to moisture, root rot occurs. The place is chosen on a hill or slope.
When planted in autumn, the Moskvichka pear has time to adapt to new conditions before the start of a cold snap. Therefore, autumn planting is considered more reliable.
The pear grows well on chernozem or loamy soils. Sandy, clayey and poor soil is not suitable for planting. The addition of additional components helps to improve its composition.
Coarse river sand is introduced into clay soil, peat into sandy soil. All types of soil are fertilized with organic matter. For each pit, 2-3 buckets of compost or humus are needed. From mineral fertilizers for fruit trees, 300 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium sulfide are used.
Variety Moskvichka is self-fertile. At a distance of 3-4 m, a pollinator is planted: the Lyubimitsa Yakovleva variety or Moscow Bergamot.
Order of work
In the autumn, the soil in the beds is prepared 3-4 weeks before planting. When carrying out work in the spring, they dig a hole in the fall.
For planting, two-year-old pear seedlings Moskvichka are chosen. The roots of the plant should not have dry or rotted areas. A healthy seedling has an even trunk without defects. Before planting, you can lower the roots of the pear into the water for 12 hours, if they are slightly dried.
Landing sequence:
- First, they dig a hole to a depth of 1 cm and a diameter of 70 cm. They start planting after 3 weeks, when the soil settles.
- Compost and minerals are added to the top soil layer. The soil is thoroughly mixed.
- Half of the soil mixture is placed in a hole and well tamped.
- The remaining soil is poured to obtain a small hill.
- A wooden stake is taken into the pit so that it rises 1 m above the ground surface.
- The roots of the seedling are dipped into a clay solution containing a concentration of liquid sour cream.
- The pear is placed on a hill and the roots are covered with earth.
- The soil is compacted and poured into the near-stem circle 2-3 buckets of water.
- The seedling is tied to a support.
A planted pear needs weekly watering. To maintain a high level of moisture, the soil is mulched with humus or straw. In autumn, the young plant is covered with a non-woven fabric to protect it from frost.
Variety care
According to the description of the variety, photos and reviews, the Moskvichka pear gives a high yield with regular care. The tree is fed with minerals and organic matter. The winter hardiness of the variety is average, the pear does not freeze out in the middle lane.
In a drought, the pear is watered, the soil is loosened and mulched. To protect the tree from diseases and insects, preventive treatments are performed.
Watering
With regular precipitation, the Muscovite pear needs moderate watering. The intensity of moisture application is increased in drought. The first watering is carried out after the snow melts until the buds swell, the next – after flowering.
In summer, the pear is watered in early June and in the middle of the next month. In dry weather, additional moisture is added in early August. Until mid-September, winter watering is performed to help the tree survive the winter.
Moisture is brought into the trunk circle of the pear Moskvichka. The soil is loosened to improve the absorption of moisture and nutrients. Mulching with peat or humus helps to maintain a high level of soil moisture.
Feeding
Due to the application of fertilizers, the yield of the Moskvichka variety is increased. During the season, the variety is fed 3-4 times with organic matter or minerals.
In early spring, the pear is watered with a solution of ammonium nitrate (15 g per 10 liters of water) or mullein in a ratio of 1:15. Top dressing contains nitrogen, which contributes to the growth of green mass. In the future, nitrogen is not used to feed pears.
After flowering, the soil under the tree is dug up and humus or Nitroammophoska is introduced into the soil. In July, a solution is prepared containing 10 g of superphosphate and potassium salt per 20 liters of water.
In autumn, the pear is fed with wood ash, which is brought into the tree trunk. Fertilizer consumption is 150 g per 1 m2. Additionally, a solution is prepared from 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfide per 10 liters of water and fruit trees are watered with it.
Trimming
The Muscovite pear is cut immediately after disembarkation. Skeletal branches are left, the rest are removed. The main trunk is shortened by ¼ length. Places of cuts are treated with garden pitch.
The next year, the trunk is cut to 25 cm. To form a crown, skeletal shoots are cut to 5 cm. Pruning of an adult tree is carried out in spring and autumn to rejuvenate and increase the yield.
In the spring, before the start of the growing season, Moskvichka pear branches are cut out, thickening the crown. Several fruit branches are left on each skeletal shoot. If the shoot grows in a vertical direction, it is cut out.
Until the end of September, autumn pruning is carried out. Dry and broken branches are eliminated. Annual shoots are shortened by 1/3 and leave a few buds on them.
Protection against pests and diseases
According to the description, photo and reviews, the Moskvichka pear is resistant to scab, rot, septoria and other pear diseases. To prevent diseases, watering is normalized and tree branches are cut in a timely manner. In early spring, the tree is treated with Bordeaux liquid or colloidal sulfur. The procedure is repeated in autumn after leaf fall.
The main pests of pears are mites, leafworms, suckers, aphids, codling moth. They are fought by treating trees with insecticides Iskra, Cyanox, Karbofos, Kemifos. For preventive purposes, spraying is performed in the spring before flowering.
In autumn, fallen pear leaves are harvested and burned, in which pests overwinter. The trunk circle is dug up. From folk remedies against insects, infusions of tobacco dust, dandelion and chamomile are effective.
Reviews of gardeners
Conclusion
According to the description, the Moskvichka pear stands out for its high yield and tasty fruits. The variety is fast-growing and starts fruiting early. After planting, the pear needs special care, including watering, mulching and crown formation. Variety Moskvichka is annually fed, treated for diseases and pests.
