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Pear Chizhovskaya was bred in 1993 by breeders. The variety belongs to mid-season and late summer, has a universal purpose. This pear is grown in the Volga region, the Central and North-West region, it can often be found in the Moscow region. Its fruits have a sweet taste and good transportability. The Chizhovskaya variety is suitable for growing on a personal plot or for sale.
Characteristics of a variety
The description of the Chizhovskaya pear is as follows:
- medium-sized trees with a height of 1,8 to 2,5 m;
- the crown of a young tree has a pyramidal shape;
- as it grows, the crown becomes more spreading;
- white flowers, collected in inflorescences;
- oval, bright green leaves;
- along the central vein, the leaf blade is slightly curved;
- bole gray, shoots have a brown tint;
- high frost resistance;
- variety sensitivity to lack of moisture.
According to the description, photo, reviews, Chizhovskaya pear has a number of distinctive fruit characteristics:
- Smooth surface;
- white and juicy pulp;
- yellow-green color;
- average weight – 120 g;
- sweet taste with slight sourness;
- the sugar content in the Chizhovskaya variety is 9%, titratable acids – 0,45%;
- shelf life after harvest – up to 4 months;
- high yield (up to 50 kg) per tree.
According to the description, the Chizhovskaya pear is suitable for fresh consumption, jam, compotes and other homemade preparations are obtained from it. Over time, on older trees over 15 years old, the fruits become smaller. Pruning trees will help to correct the situation.
The fruits have good marketability and are suitable for transportation over long distances. Store fresh fruits in a dark room at a low temperature.
Features of landing
The pear is planted in a prepared place, which is well lit by the sun and has protection from the wind. The procedure for planting the Chizhovskaya variety includes a number of procedures: fertilizing, preparing a seedling and a pit. Regardless of the time of work (autumn or spring), planting dates must be observed.
Choosing the right place
For planting pear varieties Chizhovskaya choose a well-lit place where there is no wind load. Then the seedling can quickly take root and take root well. Groundwater should be at a level of 3 m and below. If possible, the tree is placed on a hill.
The tree develops slowly on heavy soils with a high clay content. The soil should remain loose and have a good ability to pass air and moisture. It is not recommended to plant the Chizhovskaya variety next to mountain ash, since they have common pests.
Terms of planting
Pear is planted in autumn or spring. If work is carried out in the fall, then first you need to wait for the end of leaf fall. Then the growth of plants that are preparing for winter stops.
Variety Chizhovskaya needs to be planted before the onset of cold weather. You need to focus on the weather conditions in the region. Usually planting work is carried out until mid-October. Before the start of winter, the tree will sprout and have time to take root.
In the northern regions, pear varieties Chizhovskaya are planted in the spring. In this case, the preparation of the pit takes place in the fall. Planting is carried out before the start of sap flow. In the middle lane, this variety is planted no later than April 20-30.
Order of work
Variety Chizhovskaya is planted according to a certain order:
- Before planting, a young plant needs preparation. First you need to evaluate it visually and cut off broken and dry shoots. The roots of the tree are placed in a mixture of clay and ash, diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream. If a seedling is bought with a closed root system, then planting is done along with a clod of earth.
- A few weeks before planting, a pit with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 0,5 m is prepared. Two buckets of a mixture consisting of fertile soil, humus and peat are placed at the bottom of the pit. Superphosphate and wood ash are used as fertilizer. It is better to refuse nitrogen fertilizing.
- A wooden stake is placed in the center of the dug circle.
- Immediately before planting, the soil is loosened.
- A young tree is lowered into a hole and tied to a support.
- The hole is covered with earth and the soil is trampled down.
- Pear varieties Chizhovskaya are watered abundantly.
- The soil is mulched with peat, compost or sawdust.
Care instructions
Pear variety Chizhovskaya requires standard care, which includes watering, fertilizing and pruning. At different stages of development, a tree requires different care. Pruning is done in spring and autumn, and throughout the season the pear is watered and fed. Preventive treatment from diseases and pests will save the tree itself and the crop.
Watering pears
Pear Chizhovskaya needs constant watering. Lack of moisture and drought negatively affect the general condition and fruiting of the tree.
Watering is especially important in the first years after planting in order to strengthen the root system of the tree. In the future, the pear is watered less often, but a large amount of moisture is introduced.
Pear varieties Chizhovskaya must be watered at the following stages of development:
- after flowering, when the formation of the ovary begins;
- after harvest;
- at the beginning of leaf fall.
Water is poured under the barrel. According to the circumference of the crown, a near-trunk circle is determined, within the boundaries of which the tree is watered. In hot weather, it is enough to water the pear every 20 days. After watering, the soil is loosened with a pitchfork.
Application of fertilizers
In the first year after planting the Chizhovskaya pear variety, there is enough fertilizer applied to the soil. Subsequently, every three years the tree is fed with organic matter. For each square meter prepare the following mixture:
- compost – 5 kg;
- superphosphate – 30 g;
- potassium chloride – 20 g;
- urea – 10 g.
Additionally, nitrogen fertilizers can be applied. Such top dressing is necessary for the Chizhovskaya variety in the spring from April to May. During this period, a solution based on ammonium nitrate is prepared. For one tree, up to 30 g of this substance is required, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50.
Potash and phosphate fertilizers are applied in June. Up to 100 g of potassium salt is used per bucket of water, while components containing phosphorus are taken up to 300 g.
In autumn, top dressing of a pear tree also includes phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Superphosphate (2 tablespoons) and potassium chloride (1 tablespoon) are embedded in the soil as part of the root circle. Another option for feeding the Chizhovskaya variety is the use of wood ash. This top dressing allows the trees to prepare for the winter and improve fruiting next year.
Pruning trees
Pruning forms the crown of the tree. As a result, the plant does not spend energy on growing new shoots, but directs them to bear fruit. Shortening the branches prevents it from growing and creating a shadow on the site.
In the spring, the Chizhovskaya pear is cut according to a certain pattern:
- the crown is thinned out so that the sun’s rays can freely fall on the fruits;
- the trunk is shortened by a quarter.
In the second year of life, the pear is cut to a height of 50 cm. Then the growth of the shoots will begin from the lower buds. Of the side branches of the tree, the 4 strongest are left, the rest are completely cut out.
In autumn, the pear is pruned from late summer to early October. It is recommended to carry out work earlier so that the wounds of the tree have time to heal before the onset of cold weather. In the fall, the following elements of the pear are eliminated:
- old, broken and dried shoots;
- branches growing at right angles;
- growth that will prevent the next year’s fruit from growing.
Protection against diseases and pests
Chizhovskaya pear is susceptible to diseases such as scab, fruit rot, and powdery mildew. Bordeaux liquid, blue vitriol, colloidal sulfur will help to avoid the spread of diseases. Processing of trees is carried out by spraying before the pear blossoms or after it.
After the onset of spring, you need to protect the orchard from insect invasions. The pear attracts ticks, aphids, pipeworms, golden tails. To combat them, various insecticides have been developed: Nitrofen, Karbos, etc. Treatment is carried out by spraying trees.
To prevent the spread of diseases and pests, the rules for caring for pear varieties Chizhovskaya are observed:
- cleaning the site, weeding, removing fallen leaves;
- cleaning the tree from lichen and moss;
- crown thinning, elimination of broken branches;
- after sanitization, the places of cuts are treated with garden pitch.
Reviews of gardeners
Conclusion
Pear Chizhovskaya was bred specifically for growing in conditions. The variety is resistant to winter frosts and other extreme conditions, diseases and pests. After harvesting, the crop is stored for a long time before further processing.
