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Of the pear varieties of the breeder Semyon Fedorovich Chernenko, the beauty in the gardens can be found most often. This is facilitated by the good taste of fruits, their rather long shelf life for the autumn variety and good winter hardiness. To understand what other advantages it differs in, you should carefully study the description of the variety, photos and reviews of the beauty pear.
Description of the pear variety Beauty
The pear variety Beauty was created by S. F. Chernenko at the All- Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants. I. V. Michurin and originally bore his name – Beauty Chernenko. The varieties Bere Ardanpon and Daughter Blankova became the parents. The variety has been present in the State Register of Breeding Achievements since 1996. It is recommended for cultivation in the Central Regions, but is also found to the south – in Ukraine, Belarus, and the Caucasus. The description of the beauty pear shown in the photo should begin with the characteristics of the tree.
Its appearance is characteristic:
- the branches stretch upward, reaching a five-meter height in an adult plant, the width of the crown even at the base is small, in general it has a pyramidal shape;
- this variety of pear does not differ in thickening;
- shoots have almost no bends, they are red-brown, covered with a large number of lentils;
- large leaves with a well-defined elongated central vein, dark green, with barely noticeable notches along the edge;
- fruit buds are large, cone-shaped and chestnut in color;
- the flowers are large, bloom at the end of May, starting with annuli and ending with twigs.
Despite the fact that the Beauty is zoned in the Central District, its winter hardiness is at an average level – in severe winters, freezing of shoots is possible.
Fruit Characteristics
Without information about the fruits, it is impossible to describe the beauty pear variety, gardeners’ reviews indicate that they are both tasty and beautiful. Not every variety can boast of pears weighing 300 g, however, not all fruits reach this weight, they are not one-dimensional, on one tree a variation in weight from 160 to 300 g is possible.
The taste of pears is also on top – they have a tender, slightly oily flesh with a lot of juice, it has a lot more sweetness than acid. The skin is thin.
Beautiful and appearance of pears. In the period of removable ripeness, the greenish-yellow color is only slightly diluted with a light reddish-brown blush. During storage, its intensity increases.
The shape of the fruit is correct, elongated, tuberosity is clearly visible. Pears ripen in the last decade of August or a little later, the timing depends on the growing region and the weather. They can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 45 days.
Productivity
beauty is not fast-growing. The first pears can be tasted only for 7-8 years. It increases the harvest gradually, an adult tree produces an average of up to 140 kg of fruit, and with good care, up to 200 kg. At this level, the yield lasts up to 30 years, then as the tree ages, it begins to fall. The lifespan of a beauty pear is up to 50 years, and if it is well looked after and rejuvenated pruning is carried out, then even longer.
Optimal growing conditions
In order for the pear variety Beauty to fully reveal its full yield potential, the following conditions must be created for it:
- full sun exposure throughout the day;
- landing in places where there is no strong wind on a flat surface or in the middle of the southern, southeastern or southwestern slope;
- good supply of moisture – the pear Beauty Chernenko does not tolerate drought, the skin of the fruit coarsens with a lack of water;
- a site where there is no stagnant water in the spring, and the groundwater level is low (not higher than 2 m);
- fertile soil when planting – non-acidic loam is best;
- regular and timely feeding;
- proper crown formation and timely pruning;
- protection from diseases and pests.
Pear pollinators Beauty
This pear variety is self-fertile and will give a good harvest even when planted alone. But in the presence of other varieties that bloom at the same time, it will be higher. The most optimal pollinator variety is the Lyubimitsa Yakovleva pear.
Pros and cons of the variety beauty
Like any tree that bears fruit, this variety has its pros and cons:
Pros | Cons |
High yield | Begins to bear fruit late |
Good taste, excellent presentation of pears | Requires careful care |
Sufficiently long storage period | Average frost resistance |
Resistance to diseases caused by fungi | Not one-dimensionality of pears |
Another drawback is the strong growth of the tree, it is rather difficult to collect fruits from it.
Planting and caring for a pear beauty
Without careful care, a beauty cannot be harvested from a pear – she is demanding on the observance of agricultural technology. The most important thing is to properly organize the planting, the successful development of the tree will largely depend on this.
Rules of landing
Landing dates depend on the region and weather conditions. In order for the tree to take root, it will take a frost-free period of 3 weeks. It is planted only at rest – with already flown leaves in the fall and not yet swollen buds in the spring. For the southern regions, it is preferable to plant a Beauty pear in the fall, and for the northern regions – in the spring.
As with all fruit trees, it is better to prepare a hole for planting a pear and fill it with prepared soil in the previous season, observing the following conditions:
- dimensions: width and depth 70-80 cm, the walls are sheer, notches are made on them with a shovel;
- the upper fertile layer 20 cm high is laid separately.
Further actions depend on the timing of planting a tree:
- in autumn, the deposited fertile soil is mixed with humus (2-3 buckets) and a pear is planted in it, and fertilizers – 200 g of double superphosphate and 60 g of potassium sulfate are applied to the topsoil, in the fall they will not be needed by the seedling, and by spring the melt water will deliver them to the roots
- in the spring, the planting mixture is prepared immediately from all the components so that the growing root system of the Beauty pear can immediately use them.
Landing algorithm
- Choose a 1-2 year old pear seedling with a well-developed root lobe and an intact trunk.
- The central root is cut by 10 cm, and the root system is immersed in a solution of a root formation stimulator for 3-6 hours.
- At the bottom of the landing pit, a mound is formed from the prepared mixture.Advice! Experienced gardeners advise laying 10 raw chicken eggs on the bottom of the pit or pouring a handful of rye seeds under the roots.
- A peg is driven into the bottom of the pit from the south side.
- A pear seedling beauty is installed and the roots are straightened.
- Sprinkle them with a planting mixture, slightly shaking the seedling so that the soil adheres more tightly to the roots.
- Particular attention is required to the location of the root neck (the place where the roots go into the trunk) of the pear. It should be 2-3 cm above the edges of the pit. After the soil settles, its location will be level with the ground.Advice! The landing board, which is laid from edge to edge of the pit, will help not to make a mistake.
- When half of the pear roots are covered, the earth is moistened with a bucket of water and another 2 or 3 are poured in after they are completely covered with earth.
- The trunk circle is carefully compacted by trampling to form a hole with an inclination towards the center. It is mulched with any organic matter, but humus or peat is best with a layer of 5 cm, stepping back from the trunk by 2-3 cm.
- Tie the trunk of a pear to a peg with soft material.
- In a one-year-old seedling, the central shoot is cut off by about a third, its height should be from 80 to 90 cm, in two-year-old seedlings, side shoots are also shortened.
Watering and top dressing
After spring planting, the beauty is watered weekly in a bucket per plant.
In the absence of rain, mature trees require watering 6-7 times per season:
- when pushing buds;
- immediately after the petals fall;
- from 3 to 4 – in the summer season;
- autumn after leaf fall.
One watering will require up to 4 buckets of water. It is carried out in 2 stages – 2 buckets in the morning and the same amount in the evening.
Top dressing begins to be done a year after disembarkation. For an adult pear per 1 sq. m of the trunk circle is required:
- spring – ammonium nitrate 30 g per 15 liters of water;
- when the petals fall – in June, 15 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate, the soil is loosened and watered;
- in autumn – 20 g of potassium sulfate and 30 g of superphosphate, at the same time, the trunk circle is mulched with humus, it is dug up in the spring, embedded in the soil.
If the tree is young – the rate of fertilizer is halved
Trimming
Pruning for the beauty is mandatory, it will not allow the crown to gain height, which makes it easier to harvest.
- In the spring – sanitary, cut out dried and frozen branches, and forming pruning, in each tier leave the 4 strongest shoots growing horizontally to the ground, the central conductor is shortened, cutting all the branches into a ring.
- Lettom – tweezing, pinching unnecessary growing shoots to the hard part.
- In the autumn – continuation of sanitary and shaping pruning, if necessary.
It must be remembered that pruning in autumn should be gentle so as not to weaken the beauty pear tree before winter. Only young trees need active formation. In old ones, too long branches are shortened and those that grow inside the crown are cut out.
Whitewash
It is not carried out for aesthetic reasons, as many believe. This is a great way to protect pear bark not only from sunburn and subsequent frost damage, but also from pests and pathogens.
Whitewashing is carried out in 2 stages:
- in autumn, in October or November – the main one;
- in February, towards the end – renewing.
At the same time, not only the trunk is whitened, but also a third of the lower skeletal branches of the pear and their forks. Previously, the bark is cleaned with a soft, non-metallic or plastic brush, and preferably with gloved hands from lichens, removing exfoliated parts. Then it is disinfected with a 3% solution of copper sulphate or an ash solution and the cracks are sealed with garden pitch or a special paste.
For whitewashing, special mixtures are produced with the addition of adhesives so that it does not wash off longer.
Preparation for winter
Of course, it is not possible to cover an adult pear tree of the Beauty variety for the winter because of its size, but something can be done to warm it up.
- Garbage and fallen leaves are raked from the trunk circle, dug up.
- Mulch it with humus or peat with a layer of about 20 cm.
- They tie the trunk after whitewashing with spruce branches, burlap.
Diseases and pests
Scab beauty is extremely rarely affected, and other diseases of a fungal nature do not annoy her too much, provided that the landing site is chosen correctly and the care is carried out properly.
- Powdery mildew on a pear can be identified by a gray coating on the fruits and leaves.
- When affected by brown spotting, spots of the same color increase in size.
- Fruit rot manifests itself as spots of a brownish-brown color with white patches in the form of dots.
The measures to combat these fungal diseases of the pear are the same – spraying with copper-containing fungicides according to the instructions.
Pests also love to feast on the delicious fruits of the beauty.
The fruit gall midge is a dangerous monophage that harms only the pear.
The larvae settle in the ovaries in the spring, due to which the pears grow ugly or completely dry out. They fight it with the help of Karbofos.
Caterpillars of another monophagous, pear codling moth, gnaw out passages in fruits, which leads to their decay, the presentation of pears is lost.
From non-chemical methods, a variety of traps and foliar fertilizing with fertilizer solutions will help. The choice of insecticides is quite wide: Agravertin, Kinmiks, Iskra are used.
Reviews about the pear variety Beauty
Conclusion
Description of the variety, photos and reviews of the beauty pear will help gardeners decide when choosing seedlings. This pear variety is for those who know how to wait and love large and beautiful fruits.
