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Peach Voronezh bush belongs to the medium-early ripening period. This is a heat-loving plant, but it tolerates a decrease in temperature well, and is practically not affected by pests. The plant is compact, does not take up much space on the site, unpretentious in care with bright fragrant fruits.
History of variety breeding
Peach “Voronezh Bush” – the result of amateur selection. The culture comes from China, therefore, in the Federation it can grow in areas with a warm climate. Bred for areas with moderate temperatures. By grafting a common bruignon rootstock (bones adhering to the pulp) to the cherry plum, a new variety was obtained with taste and characteristics from peach, and the ability to tolerate low temperatures – from cherry plum.
Description of peach Voronezh bush
The variety is mid-season. The plant is low, formed in the form of a bush, the central trunk does not exceed 0,5 m. A variety of culture is the columnar peach, presented in the video. Compact tree up to 1,8 m high, easy to harvest and care for.
Peach trunks are dark brown, flexible. The leaves are oblong in shape, light green in color, with implicitly pronounced small teeth along the edge. Fruit shoots of the variety are thin, elastic, non-brittle, the color is like the main trunk. Peach blooms profusely with pale pink large flowers, each of which gives an ovary.
Description of peach fruits “Voronezh bush”:
- rounded shape of medium size, weighing up to 115 g, the fruit of a columnar culture is larger up to 180 g;
- the pulp of a peach is dark yellow, porous, juicy;
- the skin is thin with a slight short pile, hard;
- the fruits of the variety at the stage of technical ripeness are yellow-green, at the biological stage, bright orange with maroon sides;
- the variety belongs to bruignons, a large bone is not separated from the pulp.
Characteristic of the variety
A feature of the peach is endurance and the ability to bear fruit in the second year after planting. With correct pruning, the shrub does not take up much space on the site, it is not afraid of pests.
Drought and frost resistance
Variety “Voronezh Bush” is genetically predisposed to endure high temperatures without constant watering. Feels comfortable all day long under direct sunlight. The more UV light, the sweeter the fruits. Like any plant, moderate watering is necessary; at high humidity, the culture loses some of the ovaries.
Peach “Voronezh Bush” is a winter-hardy variety created specifically for Central Our Country. It tolerates frosts of -35 ° C, in case of freezing of the root system, it recovers completely in spring. In order to prevent the death of the plant, the Voronezh Bush shelters for the winter.
Does the variety need pollinators?
Peach has bisexual flowers – the variety does not need pollinators. When placed on the site, it must be borne in mind that the shrub will not produce a crop if a tall fruit tree grows nearby. The crown will become an obstacle to the penetration of solar heat and light.
Yield and fruiting
According to the description of the variety, the Voronezh peach is a medium-early crop, harvesting is carried out in the middle or end of September, depending on the weather. Fruits abundantly due to self-pollination. An attractive variety makes the ability to produce a crop the next year after planting. On average, 20–30 kg of fruits are removed from one tree. It contains more glucose than acids, so the taste of the variety is sweet with a slight sourness and aroma inherent in the culture. The peach is tightly fixed on the stalk, therefore, having reached biological ripeness, the fruit does not crumble.
Scope of fruits
Due to its compactness and high yield, the variety “Voronezh Bush” is grown on a personal plot and in farms. Mostly consumed fresh. The peach is preserved without losing its taste and aroma within 6 days, it tolerates transportation well. At home, it is suitable for preparing blanks for the winter: compote, jam. Industrial cultivation of peach is carried out with the aim of supplying the trade network and obtaining must for juice.
Disease and pest resistance
The fruit is immune-adapted to temperate climate conditions. Most of the infections and garden pests that affect crop varieties in the southern latitudes are not terrible for the Voronezh Bush peach. Fungal diseases infect the plant if the moisture norm is exceeded. For this reason, the spread of aphids is possible.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The advantage of the “Voronezh bush” is:
- low temperature tolerance;
- full recovery after freezing;
- productivity;
- self-pollination;
- bush compactness;
- resistance to fungal diseases: clasterosporiasis, powdery mildew;
- high assessment of taste;
- well stored and transported.
The disadvantages include the need for shelter for the winter, constant pruning, poor separability of the stone from the pulp.
Planting peach Voronezh
To get a strong plant that can give a good harvest, you must follow the recommendations for planting the Voronezh Bush peach variety
Recommended dates
You can plant seedlings of fruit crops in spring and autumn. Each climate zone will have its own timing. In order to prevent the seedlings from freezing, autumn planting in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions is carried out in the first decade of October. In the high-risk zone (Far East, Urals, Siberia), events should be postponed to spring so that the root system has time to develop during the summer season.
Choosing the right place
This variety of peach is a heat-loving, drought-resistant plant that requires a sufficient amount of light. Therefore, a shrub is placed in an open area on the south side. Soils suitable for planting: medium loamy with satisfactory moisture and air exchange, neutral slightly alkaline. Excessive calcium content in the soil should be avoided.
Selection and preparation of planting material
You can plant the Voronezh Bush peach with seedlings with a varietal stock purchased in specialized stores. The main requirement for the plant is that there should be at least three branches that form the future bush. The bark is smooth without damage, light green in color, the roots are without dry fragments.
You can grow seedlings yourself from the seed. For regions with a cold climate, this method is the most acceptable. The peach pit contains all the varietal characteristics that will be transferred to the future bush. They are planted at the end of September, and sprouts will appear in early May of the following year. After 12 months, together with an earthy clod, the plant is transferred to the designated place.
Landing algorithm
Before planting a peach, it is necessary to loosen the soil and clean the weeds. The following steps are required:
- Dig a landing recess 0,5 meters down and 50 cm in diameter.
- Drainage in the form of fine gravel is placed at the bottom.
- Soil mixed with organic matter and 1 kg of wood ash are placed on top.
- The root ball of the seedling is set vertically, covered with soil, watered abundantly.
Immediately after placement in the ground, the Voronezh Bush peach is cut off – shoots no longer than 25 cm should remain above the ground.
Peach Aftercare
After planting, the Voronezh Bush peach requires standard care. It is recommended to carry out the first dressing before flowering. Suitable drugs: “Agricola for berry crops” and “Energen”. The second top dressing – during flowering with potassium sulfate. Before the appearance of buds, the bush is watered 2 times a week. Then watering is reduced to 1 time in 14 days.
Particular attention is paid to peach pruning. Work on the formation of the bush is carried out immediately after planting, then every year in the spring. Peach bears fruit on last year’s strong growth and 2 years on bouquet branches. This factor is taken into account when forming the crown. 4 strong branches are selected, focusing on the highest, cut within 1,5 m, branching of the bole and excess branches are removed.
If the Voronezh peach is grown in a region with cold winters, it needs shelter from freezing. The branches of the plant are flexible, they are easily inclined to the ground and fixed with hairpins. They cover from above. To protect the peach from rodents, it is recommended to wrap the trunk with a thick cloth about 20 cm from the ground.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Diseases and garden parasites can slow down the vegetation process and affect fruiting:
- In early and mid-summer, the main pest of the Voronezh Bush variety is aphid. The insect damages young shoot tips. It is recommended that at the time of the appearance of the first foliage, for the purpose of prevention, treat the peach with Iskra DE.
- Foliage may be affected by fungus. Visually, dotted bulges appear on the sheet, and then holes appear in their place, perforated spotting. The bush is treated with preparations containing copper, for example, Hom. For preventive purposes, the trunk and branches are whitewashed with lime and copper sulfate in the spring: 1: 2.
- The most common fungal infection in the Voronezh Bush peach is leaf curl. Large mounds are formed on them, painted in maroon color. To eliminate the cause, copper-containing herbicides must be used.
These are possible options, they are rare due to the high resistance of the Voronezh Bush peach to diseases and pests.
Conclusion
Voronezh bush peach is a breeding crop bred for the purpose of cultivation in a temperate climate. The variety differs from representatives of its species in frost resistance and drought resistance. It has a strong immunity against fungal infections, is rarely affected by pests, and is suitable for cultivation on an industrial scale.