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Roses are considered a demanding and whimsical plant. Because of this, not every gardener decides to grow such a flower on his site. Planting and caring for a park rose is a much less difficult option for beginners. Such a plant is not so whimsical, adapts well to any conditions and is suitable for different regions of the Federation.
Features of growing park roses
For the full growth of ornamental plants, certain conditions are necessary. Park roses are less demanding than spray roses. This category includes varieties specially bred by breeders for such plantings. Park roses have increased adaptive abilities, thanks to which they can quickly adapt to environmental conditions.
The main features of cultivation:
- Park roses are a medium-sized shrub with strong stems. The plant is less sensitive to mechanical stress, winds.
- Park varieties are resistant to low temperatures. In many regions, they winter without shelter, as they easily tolerate frost.
- High disease resistance makes park roses insensitive to infections. Bush varieties are much more likely to be attacked by pests.
- Park roses bloom longer and more abundantly. They attract pollinating insects.
Some varieties bloom twice a season
Usually park rose buds bloom in late May or early June. This is 2-3 weeks earlier than most bush species. They do not need frequent watering, pruning, top dressing.
Types of park roses
Gardeners distinguish two main groups – with single and repeated flowering. When decorating landscape design, Canadian and English park roses are usually used.
Such species differ in the structure of the bushes. Most Canadian roses have upright stems, while English roses have trailing stems.
The most popular varieties are:
- William Shakespeare;
- Qward (Quarda);
- Abraham Derby (Abraham Derby);
- Prairie Joy;
- Parsla (Parsla);
- Alexander Mackenzie;
- Wetherland (Westerland).
Due to the variety of varieties, each gardener has the opportunity to choose a rose of the right size and color of flowers. This is especially important for those who use plants to create decorative compositions on their site.
Conditions for planting park roses
The main advantage of such plants is their unpretentiousness. Planting and caring for a park rose in the garden is reduced to a minimum set of activities.
Bushes are planted singly or in groups. Decide on a site for the plant in advance. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the varietal characteristics before planting, find out the degree of frost resistance and the basic requirements for the composition of the soil.
When to plant garden roses
Such plants are classified as frost-resistant. They are best planted outdoors in the fall. Then the park rose will have time to adapt to a new place and take root before the onset of cold weather. If you plant a plant in the spring, then it will spend energy on the growth of surface shoots. The roots will remain weak.
Another reason why it is recommended to plant park roses outdoors in autumn is that the plant is not exposed to summer drought. It is best to plant a bush in early September, before the onset of cold weather and heavy rainfall.
How to plant a park rose
The technology of planting in open ground is not much different from other ornamental crops. It is necessary to prepare the site and soil for the park rose, choose a good seedling. These steps are carried out in accordance with the instructions.
Site and soil requirements
Park roses adapt well to open ground conditions, but they cannot be planted absolutely everywhere. In order for the plant to develop normally and bloom regularly, several requirements must be observed.
The place for a park rose should be well lit by the sun. Light promotes bud formation and abundant flowering. It is desirable that the roots of the bush are protected from sunlight and eliminate the risk of overheating.
In one place, park roses grow up to 50 years
Bushes need good aeration. It is advisable to plant in places where air circulates freely, but there is no strong draft.
When choosing a location, make sure that there are no potential sources of infection nearby. These include fruit trees, shrubs and other ornamental plants.
The soil for a park rose must meet the following requirements:
- looseness, lightness;
- good breathability;
- neutral acidity;
- adequate nutrient content.
If the site has poor infertile soil, you need to prepare a place for planting in advance. The soil is being dug up. Compost or humus is added to it to attract earthworms. They secrete vermicompost, which is the best source of nutrients for plants.
Rose preparation
Seedlings are used as planting material. They are best purchased from nurseries or garden stores. It is advisable to take planting material in small pots. It is enough to transfer them to the pit along with an earthen clod, dig in with fresh soil and water.
Seedlings with open roots must be prepared:
- Soak in cold water for 2-3 hours.
- Inspect the root for damage, defects, foci of decay.
- Trim broken roots.
- Dip the lower shoots into the fungicidal solution for 20 minutes just before planting.
Until planting, seedlings should be stored in a cool place. The basement or cellar is best suited. Sprouts with open roots need to be planted within 3-5 days, otherwise they will dry out.
Planting a park rose
The procedure is carried out in the evening. In this case, the weather should be favorable, without heavy rainfall.
How to land:
- Dig a hole 70 cm deep.
- Expanded clay or crushed stone is placed at the bottom to drain the liquid.
- Pour a layer of loose soil mixture.
- The seedling is placed inside.
- Cover with soil and lightly tamp around the shoots.
- Watered with water.
The root neck of the plant is deepened by 5-6 cm
After planting in the fall, the plant should be watered 1-2 times a week until precipitation appears. Then the frequency is reduced so that the bush prepares for the winter on its own.
How to care for garden roses
After planting in open ground, the plant is affected by various adverse factors. In order for it to adapt to new conditions and continue to please with regular flowering, several agrotechnical measures are required.
Watering, mulching and loosening
These procedures are required for any kind of roses. Park varieties are less sensitive to water shortages and droughts. Rare, but plentiful watering is recommended. For each adult bush, 20-30 liters of warm settled water are required.
Watering is carried out 1 time per week. In the presence of precipitation, the frequency is reduced. Leaves of park varieties quickly evaporate moisture. In dry weather, it is recommended to carry out sprinkling.
Most water is applied in autumn, in preparation for winter. For 1 bush, 50-60 liters of liquid are used so that the roots are fully saturated.
Mulching is recommended to retain moisture in the soil. Use wood bark, sawdust, straw. Mulch is laid on the soil after watering with a layer of 5-10 cm.
Soil loosening is carried out as compaction. With rare watering, the soil remains light for a long time. Therefore, the procedure is required 1 time in 1-2 months.
Feeding
Proper care of the Canadian park rose is not complete without fertilizers. In the first year after planting in the ground, top dressing is not needed. In April, the bushes are fertilized with a complex mineral composition. They also use bird droppings or rotted manure – 100 g for each bush.
The second time ammonium nitrate is used in May. For 1 sq. m of soil contribute 10-15 g of the solution. Re-mineral recharge is carried out in early June.
When the buds wither, it is recommended to make compost and superphosphate. In August, the final dressing is done with potassium salt and wood ash.
Pruning and shaping the bush
The first 2-3 years park roses do not need a haircut. In the future, the bush is pruned with the simultaneous removal of weak and dry shoots. It is given a bowl shape.
Cut sites should be treated with disinfectant solutions.
Shearing is subjected only to those varieties that bloom twice a year. Bushes that bloom once do not need to be trimmed.
Diseases and pests
Park roses are resistant to infections. Diseases develop only with a gross violation of growing technology or with a complete lack of care.
Possible diseases:
- powdery mildew;
- fusarium wilt;
- black spot;
- gray rot;
- rust.
The method of treatment depends on the type of infection. Generally, broad spectrum fungicides are used. The affected shoots must be removed from the bushes so that the infection does not spread. Spray with fungicide 2-3 times.
Roses can be affected by pests:
- aphid;
- pennies;
- spider mites;
- leaflets;
- scale insects.
To repel pests, park rose bushes are recommended to be sprayed with soapy water, infusion of garlic or calendula. When plants are damaged, complex treatment with insecticides is required.
How to propagate a park rose
There are several methods for obtaining a new plant in the presence of a mother bush. One of the advantages of park roses is that they reproduce well in almost any way.
Cutting
The method is considered the simplest, but longest. Half-lignified stems are used as planting material. They are separated before or after flowering.
The optimal length of the handle is 12-15 cm
On a cut stem there should be 2-3 leaves and the same number of buds. The lower part of the cutting is lowered into the water until small roots appear. Then it is planted in a nutrient substrate.
Division of the bush
The procedure is carried out in April or early May. The bush is dug out of the soil, divided with a sharp knife or secateurs. The upper shoots are pruned. Each delenka is soaked in an antiseptic solution, then planted in open ground or containers with nutrient soil.
Reproduction by layers
Park roses have rather flexible stems for such a procedure. A healthy young shoot is chosen, which is bent down and pressed to the ground. From above it is covered with soil and watered.
Layering is done in the spring season. Until autumn, they take root. The following spring, they are separated from the mother bush and planted in a new place.
Reproduction offspring
On park roses, a large number of secondary root shoots are formed. They usually grow on the south side of the bush. They are separated from the plant and planted in a container with well-fertilized soil. As a result, a young seedling is obtained from the root offspring, which can be planted in an open area in the fall.
Reproduction by grafting
Varietal roses are grafted onto wild roses. The method consists in transferring one part of the plant to another. For propagation, a cutting or bud of a rose is grafted onto a rosehip bush.
The procedure is carried out in the spring. The advantage of the method is that it allows you to save the varietal characteristics of the flower. The main disadvantage is that it takes a very long time to grow new planting material. In addition, often grafted cuttings and buds do not take root on a new bush.
Recommendations
To facilitate the cultivation and care of park roses, you should use a few tips from experienced gardeners. This will help eliminate common mistakes among beginners.
Useful recommendations:
- The planting hole should be 2-3 times deeper than the height of the seedling.
- Only rotted manure or manure is used as fertilizer. Fresh can cause root rot.
- When planting, the roots of the seedling can be dipped in a clay solution to protect against nematodes and accelerate growth.
- Lime is added to soils with high acidity.
- Park roses should not be planted too close, so that they do not shade each other.
- To protect against pests, tobacco ash is introduced into the soil next to the bush.
- Flowers from the plant should be removed immediately after wilting.
When growing park roses, it is important to follow the basic agrotechnical norms. Improper care can lead to premature wilting and death of the plant.
Conclusion
Planting and caring for a park rose is a step-by-step process that requires a competent and responsible approach. Despite the unpretentiousness, such plants need to create suitable conditions. Then they will be able to please the owner with regular and lush flowering, the absence of diseases and resistance to adverse factors.