The origin of spina bifida is not known for sure. Several risk factors are often put forward, in particular the genetic factor,food from mother andenvironment in which the fetus develops. Nevertheless, the disease appears to be the result of a combination of several factors, some of which have not yet been identified.

There are different types:

• Spina-bifida occulta : This is the least serious and most common form of spina bifida. the Spinal canal is not completely closed. Usually asymptomatic, it does not require any special treatment.
• Myelomeningocele spina bifida : it is the most serious form of spina bifida. The nerves and the spinal cord are deformed. In some cases, meninges (envelopes that surround the brain and spinal cord) have a slight opening, leaving the spinal cord exposed.
• Meningocele spina bifida : The least common form of spina bifida. The meninges, without nerves or spinal cord, are partially expelled from the opening created at the top of some vertebrae, causing mild or moderate damage.