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Typically, as a consequence of inflammatory diseases, an increased loss of proteins in the urine (so-called proteinuria) occurs as a result of damage to the glomeruli and renal tubules, with a secondary reduction in their concentration in blood serum. As the condition progresses, this condition causes generalized swelling and permeation of free fluid into the body cavities.
Like uremia, it is not a separate disease entity, but a set of symptoms resulting from disease processes in the kidneys, as it may occur in the course of other systemic diseases that increase kidney permeability.
The described set of symptoms is the result of the increased penetration of serum proteins into the urine and, consequently, a decrease in their concentration in the blood serum, which in turn reduces the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, allowing the passage of water into the extravascular intercellular spaces and into the body cavities.
Symptoms: pasty, generalized swelling and exudation. The nephrotic syndrome is usually accompanied by disorders of lipid metabolism (hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolaemia), showing the image of lipid nephrosis.
Usually, elevated blood pressure is not observed.
Treatment requires:
• remove all diseases and causes in the course of which nephrotic syndrome develops,
• elimination of the effects of protein deficiencies by supplementing with transfusions, eg albumin, and a diet that guarantees an adequate supply of well-absorbed wholesome proteins or substrates for their synthesis in the body.
In addition, therapeutic, dietary and prophylactic treatment – as in other diseases of the urinary system – and concern for the increased excretion of excess water retained by the use of diuretics.
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