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Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a visual defect in which the optical path of the eye focuses the image in front of the retina. Short-sightedness is one of the most common eye defects, so it’s worth knowing about its symptoms. Below, we will also explain whether lenses can be worn in myopia and how to treat this condition.
Myopia – a defect mechanism
Myopia is most often the result of an abnormal eye structure. Its optical elements are too convex, which means that the parallel rays reaching the eye do not focus on the retina, but in front of it. In other words, the optics of the eye are “too strong”. This means that in order to improve vision, myopia must shorten the distance to the object being viewed (for example, bring the newspaper to the face). Objects that are too far away appear blurry. Nearsightedness also achieves better results by squinting as this reduces the distraction of the image on the retina.
There are three main types of myopia. Axial is one where the eye is too elongated. Curvature myopia occurs when specific parts of the eye are too convex, which typically affects the cornea and lens. The third type of defect is not directly related to the anatomy of the eye, but to the refractive index of the lens. I am talking about refractive myopia, which may be the result of developing diabetes or cataracts. In this case, the lens refracts the rays reaching it too much.
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Degrees of myopia
A three-level division of the severity of myopia was adopted. Like degrees of hyperopia, it is expressed in diopters, however with a negative symbol. Low myopia is a disadvantage of up to -3 diopters. Between the value of -3 diopters and -7 diopters we are talking about average myopia, while below -7 diopters – high myopia.
With very low myopia, wearing glasses or corrective glasses is not necessary, but when the defect is moderate, they are strongly recommended. High myopia also causes degenerative changes in the eye.
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Symptoms of myopia
Symptoms of myopia are primarily blurred vision of objects in the distance. If you have trouble reading a book at “normal” distance and need to zoom in unnaturally, you probably have this disadvantage. The symptoms of nearsightedness in children are exactly the same, with you notice that toddlers often squint their eyes when trying to see something clearly. As a result of constant attempts to accommodate the eye, headaches sometimes develop.
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Correction of myopia vision – glasses and lenses
To reduce the effect of blurred vision caused by myopia, you can use corrective glasses or contact lenses. The glasses and lenses used are concave-convex and diffusing.
Treatment of myopia
Myopia can be treated with surgery. Various types of methods are used, most often laser treatments. They consist in shortening the eye axis so that its focusing ability is reduced to the normal level.
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