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Myocardial infarction is the result of myocardial ischemia, which leads to myocardial necrosis. Symptoms of a heart attack are not always characteristic, but most often patients complain of severe pain in the area of the sternum. Most often they are men aged 60-75 years.
Heart attack – causes
The immediate cause of a heart attack is rupture or hemorrhage into the plaque, or the build-up of a blood clot on its surface. Scale builds up in the obstructed part of the artery and turns into a clot that constricts the artery and disrupts its capacity. The heart muscle does not get enough blood, becomes ischemic, hypoxic and dies. The size of the myocardial infarction depends on the size of the vessel lumen at the site where it obstructs further blood flow. The walls of the arteries can die partially or completely – then we are talking about full-sided or incomplete infarction.
Disruption of blood flow may be due to:
- long-term strong vasoconstriction under the influence of strong emotional stress,
- blockage as a result of the so-called embolic material downstream of the blood (e.g. fragment of a clot, clump of fat cells,
- formation of a clot at a given site, usually as a result of previously developed atherosclerotic lesions.
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Heart attack – symptoms
A characteristic symptom of a heart attack is sudden and very strong in the area of the sternum or the heart, which we cannot bind, e.g. with exercise, coronary vasodilators. It is accompanied by a feeling of anxiety, fear, paleness, confusion, increased heart rate. Described symptoms, suggestive suspected myocardial infarctionare an absolute indication to call for medical help, preferably an ambulance service.
Heart attack – treatment
Treatment of myocardial infarction aims to unblock the obstructed vessel and prevents the build-up of a clot and enlargement of necrosis, taking into account that the most common direct cause is an acute coronary thrombus.
Check what medications are given to the patient after a heart attack
The results of this type of treatment are better the sooner they are started. Hence, treatment is now undertaken in the first hours after the onset of myocardial pain, even in an ambulance during the transport of a patient with a heart attack to the hospital.
To reduce the risk of a heart attack, it is worth introducing hemp seed coffee into your diet, which has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.
Heart attack – read more about it
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