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Dubovik mushroom is an edible mushroom from the Boletov family. You can meet him in the autumn forest in the southern regions quite often, but you need to know how to distinguish this mushroom from other similar species.
Why are the dunes so called?
The mushroom is known by many names – dubovik and poddubnik, poddubovik. The names reflect the most common place where the oak tree grows; you can usually see it under the oaks. With these trees, the oak tree forms a symbiosis and transfers nutrients and moisture to the roots, in turn receiving from them the sucrose necessary for development.
What do mushrooms look like
You can recognize an ordinary oak tree in the photo by a large hat, reaching 10-15 cm in diameter. In young fruiting bodies, the cap is hemispherical, but over time straightens and becomes pillow-shaped. The hat is covered with velvety skin, which becomes sticky after rain, it is yellowish-brown, brown, gray-brown in color. In very old fruiting bodies, the cap may become almost black.
The lower layer of the cap is tubular, ocher in young fruiting bodies and dirty olive in old ones. If you cut the dubovik in half, then its flesh will turn out to be dense and yellowish, but from contact with air it will quickly turn blue-green, and then turn to an almost black color. The smell and taste of fresh oak is neutral, it does not have characteristic features.
According to the photo and description of the boletus mushroom, it can rise up to 12 cm above the ground in height, its leg is thick, with a thickening in the lower part. The color of the leg is yellow closer to the cap and darker below, covered with a noticeable thin mesh. At the bottom of the leg, the flesh may be red.
Where do oak mushrooms grow
Most often, the dubovik can be found in the southern regions – on the Crimean Peninsula, in the south of Ukraine and Belarus, in the Krasnodar Territory. It comes across both in deciduous and mixed forests, grows mainly under oaks, but can also grow under birches, beeches and hornbeams.
When oak trees grow
The first Crimean boletus mushrooms appear already in June, but the period of maximum fruiting occurs in August and early autumn. You can meet the boletus in the forests until the end of October, right up to the first frosts.
Types of oak mushrooms
Poddubniks in the forests can be found in several forms. Between themselves, they are similar in structure and size, but differ in the color of the hat and legs.
Dubovik ordinary
The mushroom, which is also called olive-brown or yellow oak, reaches 5-20 cm in diameter and has a hemispherical or pillow-shaped hat. The cap is olive-brown or yellowish-brown in color, velvety, becomes slimy in wet weather. If you touch the hat with your finger, then a dark spot will remain on its surface.
According to the description of the olive-brown oak tree, its leg is up to 6 cm in girth and up to 15 cm in height, with a thickening near the base, yellow-brown in the upper part and reddish below. The leg is covered with a reddish mesh pattern, which is a characteristic feature of the tannery.
On a break, the common tannery is dense and with yellowish flesh, which quickly turns blue from contact with air. The mushroom is considered conditionally edible, suitable for food consumption after heat treatment.
Speckled oak
Poddubnik of this species is somewhat more widespread than the common one – you can see it not only in the Caucasus, but also in the south of the Far East and even in Siberia. It has a large hemispherical or cushion-shaped hat up to 20 cm in diameter, chestnut-brown, dark brown or black-brown in color, sometimes a reddish or olive tint can be seen on the hat. To the touch, the hat is velvety, in wet weather it can be mucous.
The leg of the speckled oak tree is dense and wide, up to 4 cm in girth, rises in height up to 15 cm above the ground. In the lower part of the leg has a thickening, it is red-yellow in color. The speckled oak tree does not have a characteristic mesh pattern, but instead of it, there may be separate dots and spots on the leg.
The mushroom belongs to the category of conditionally edible. You can’t eat it raw, but after boiling, the dubovik is suitable for further processing.
Dubovyk Kele
This fungus is widely distributed on acidic soils, growing mainly in deciduous forests, but can also be found near coniferous trees. Dubovyk’s hat is uniformly convex, cushion-shaped, up to 15 cm in diameter. The color of the Kele’s tannery is brown or yellowish-brown, his hat is dry and velvety, but in wet weather it can become sticky and slimy. On the underside, the cap is covered with reddish small tubules.
In the photo of dubovik mushrooms, it is noticeable that the leg of the Kele dubovnik is up to 5 cm in girth and up to 10 cm in height, with a thickening at the base, yellowish in color. There is no mesh pattern on the stem, but reddish scales may be present. When broken and pressed, the flesh on the cap and stem turns blue. Poddubnik is classified as edible, but requires heat treatment before use.
Mushroom boletus edible or not
Duboviks of all kinds are suitable for eating and are used for frying, marinating and salting. But before any preparation, the pulp of the tannery must be processed.
Fresh fruiting bodies are cleaned of earth and forest debris, then washed in cool water and boiled together with salt. During boiling, it is recommended to change the water – do it 10 minutes after boiling, and then boil the oaks for another 20 minutes. Ready fruit bodies are thrown into a colander, and the broth is drained from under them; it is not suitable for use as a broth.
Useful properties of tanned mushrooms
Dubovik is valued not only for its versatility and pleasant taste after processing, but also for its beneficial properties. The composition of the mushroom pulp includes the following substances:
- magnesium and phosphorus;
- calcium and iron;
- ascorbic acid and vitamin PP;
- thiamine and riboflavin;
- amino acids – lysine, tryptophan, threonine;
- antibiotic substance boletol.
Thanks to such a rich composition, dubovik is able to have a very beneficial effect on the body. With proper use, the mushroom has a positive effect on the state of blood vessels and the heart, normalizes blood pressure and removes toxins and toxins from the body. Dubovik strengthens the resistance of the immune system, has a beneficial effect on potency and libido, strengthens nails and improves the condition of the skin and hair.
False twins of ordinary oaks
The appearance of the dubovik is rather unremarkable, and it can be difficult to distinguish it from other varieties. Among the doubles of the tannery there are not only edible, but also poisonous ones, therefore, before going into the forest, it is necessary to properly study the photo and description of the tannery mushroom.
Satan’s Mushroom
The most dangerous of the dubovik’s twins is the satanic mushroom. The varieties are similar in structure and color, so they are often confused. Like the tannery, the satanic mushroom has a hemispherical or pillow-like hat with velvety skin, a dense stem and yellowish flesh. The color of the satanic mushroom varies from whitish to gray-olive.
However, there are certain differences between mushrooms. The leg of the satanic mushroom is thicker than that of the oak tree, and looks more like a strong barrel, and the leg is yellow-red in color, with a well-defined mesh. The edible boletus turns blue on the cut, and rather quickly, and the satanic mushroom first turns red, and then acquires a bluish tint. In addition, the poisonous mushroom has a noticeable unpleasant odor.
Polish mushroom
You can also confuse the boletus with the conditionally edible Polish mushroom. The false twin has a hemispherical, pillow-like hat with velvety skin, and its leg is cylindrical and thickened near the surface of the earth. On the cut, the double shows whitish or yellowish flesh.
The main difference between the varieties is the color of the cap – in the false boletus mushroom, it is much darker, reddish-brown, chestnut or chocolate. Also, the leg of the Polish mushroom is not covered with a mesh, but with longitudinal red-brown strokes.
gall fungus
Inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse the boletus with mustard, a non-poisonous, but very bitter mushroom. The mustard is characterized by a large hemispherical cap and a thick cylindrical stem, it also resembles a tannery in color – the skin color varies from yellowish to brown-brown.
But at the same time, on the cut, the flesh of the mustard quickly turns red, while the bluish boletus acquires a corresponding blue color. If you lick the gall fungus, then it will turn out to be very bitter and unpleasant, while the dubovik does not have any characteristic aftertaste.
Borovyk le Gal
In deciduous forests, next to oaks, hornbeams and beeches, you can often find a lawful boletus, or le Gal. An experienced mushroom picker can easily distinguish it from a dubovik, however, a beginner can confuse varieties due to similar hemispherical hats and strong cylindrical legs with a lower thickening.
The easiest way to distinguish varieties is by color – the cap of Le Gal mushroom is not yellowish, but pinkish-orange, like the leg. It is dangerous to confuse mushrooms with each other – the legal boletus is poisonous and is not suitable for food consumption.
Porcini
This edible double resembles a boletus with its outlines. Cep is characterized by a cushion-shaped, slightly velvety cap, a very thick and dense cylindrical leg. Like the dubovik, the porcini mushroom is found in deciduous and mixed forests, it resembles boletus in color, its hat can be whitish, brownish, yellowish-brown.
You can distinguish mushrooms from each other by the stem – in the porcini mushroom it is lighter, without redness in the lower part. Also, the boletus is characterized by the unchanged color of the pulp, it remains white even when cooked, but the oaks turn blue from contact with air.
Rules for collecting tubular pods
It is best to go for oak trees in the forest in mid-August. The mushroom bears fruit in waves, and its first appearance occurs as early as June, but at the beginning of summer the harvest is usually weak, but the second and subsequent waves are much more abundant.
It is necessary to collect oak trees in ecologically clean forests away from highways. Industrial facilities should not be located near the forest. Mushroom pulp very quickly accumulates toxic substances in itself, so the mushrooms collected in polluted areas do not represent any nutritional value.
Conclusion
Dubovik mushroom is suitable for eating in almost all forms, except raw. Among its counterparts there are edible fruiting bodies, but poisonous mushrooms are also present, so before collecting, you must carefully study the information about the boletus and its photo.
