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Hemorrhagic diatheses of the mixed type (complex) are diathesis in which the mechanism of formation combines the factors of thrombocytopenic, plasma or vascular defects, and may have various causes of bleeding. Blemishes are usually divided into different types and associated with diseases such as von Willebrand’s disease, which is characterized by impaired clotting due to a small number of white blood cells.
Definition of mixed-type bleeding disorders
Mixed hemorrhagic diathesis occurs as a result of a combination of elements of plasma, vascular or thrombocytopenic defects. Blemishes occur when one or more blood components are disturbed. The disorder occurs when blood components such as white blood cells, platelets or red cells in the blood count are reduced or increased in number. Blemishes are usually divided into different types and can be associated with diseases such as von Willebrand’s disease (impaired clotting).
Types of hemorrhagic diatheses
Among hemorrhagic contamination, we can distinguish the following types, which may occur in a mixed form, combining both vascular, plasma and plaque defects.
1. Thrombocytopenia – is characterized by a low number of platelets in the blood which can consequently lead to heavy bleeding.
2. Haemophilia – occurs when the condition affects the blood clotting system, affecting platelets.
3. Haemorrhage – usually occurs as a result of low red blood cells or anemia. A hemorrhage occurs when there is severe bleeding.
4. Anemia – very common in children and is associated with the red blood cells in which it occurs.
Mixed type hemorrhagic diathesis – causes
Depending on the type, mixed hemorrhagic diathesis can have different causes. There is often talk of genetic predisposition.
Therefore, the cause of such bleeding disorders may be various combinations of dysfunction or deficiency of the discussed factors involved in the blood clotting process. Predisposition to petechiae in the elderly may be an expression of the overlapping of e.g. hypoprothrombinemia caused by post-inflammatory cirrhosis of the liver and increased susceptibility to fragility of sclerotically changed capillaries.
Other causes of mixed bleeding disorders may include:
- infections;
- gene mutations leading to a reduced number of platelets and worsening of their function, and problems with clotting (wound healing);
- various types of poisoning, e.g. mushroom poisoning – the function of the liver is disturbed, and as a consequence, the concentration of prothrombin produced by it is reduced, and thus the endothelium of blood vessels is damaged.
How do mixed-type hemorrhagic diatheses manifest?
Patients with mixed-type bleeding disorders complain of:
- weakness,
- skin anemic,
- low amount of red blood cells
- low white blood cell counts and therefore frequent infections.
In addition, symptoms may be related to the appearance of some types of blemish-related diseases. Then it comes to:
- thrombosis resulting in anemia and bleeding;
- idiopathic platelet purpura, where blood spots appear on the patient’s skin;
- haemophilia, which is associated with bleeding into the joints and the occurrence of intense bleeding during surgery or trauma. Hemophilia also leads to easy bruising;
- Willebrand’s disease, which is usually manifested by bleeding from the nose or gums.
Mixed type hemorrhagic diathesis – how to treat?
Treatment methods for bleeding disorders (depending on the type of blood problem) may include:
- pharmacological therapy,
- chemotherapy,
- auxiliary treatment with steroids,
- bone marrow transplant,
- transfusion of blood products,
- replacement of white blood cells or platelets.
Read also: Vascular hemorrhagic diathesis
Plasma hemorrhagic diathesis
Platelet hemorrhagic diathesis
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