Eye disorders. Conventional treatment consists of various surgical procedures, usually performed by laser.

Neuropathy (affections to the nerves). To reduce the pain, doctors offer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®). Treatment usually includes the administration of a tricyclic antidepressant which may help with severe pain associated with neuropathy. However, these drugs are not without side effects and their use, especially in the elderly, is disputed by some experts. You can also use other types of antidepressants, which have fewer side effects: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (for example, fluoxetine (Prozac®) and sertraline (Zoloft®)) or reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine (for example, venlafaxine (Effexor®)).

Anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin (Neurontin®) or carbamazepine (Tégretol®), or opioid pain relievers can help in some cases, but they are not without side effects.

Susceptibility to infections. Infections will usually be combated with antibiotics or fungicides (which fight fungus), as appropriate.

Nephropathy (kidney problems). In the first line, the doctor will usually prescribe medication to control blood pressure and make certain dietary recommendations. In the end, dialysis or kidney transplantation may prove to be a must.

Cardiovascular illnesses. Consult our Cardiovascular Disorders fact sheet to find out about the classic treatments for these diseases.