Maxim Gorky: short biography, personal life

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Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov

The future writer was born on March 28, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of Maxim Peshkov, the manager of the steamship office, and his wife, the bourgeois woman, Varvara Vasilyevna (Kashirin).

Three-year-old Alyosha fell ill with cholera, but survived. The father, having become infected from his son, died. The boy was too young to remember his father, but he listened to stories about him with great attention and in 1892 he took the pseudonym “Maxim” in memory of him.

The widow remarried and died in 1879 of consumption. So, at the age of 11, Alyosha became an orphan and lived with his grandfather Vasily Kashirin.

He attended a parish school for two years, but fell ill with smallpox. He attended college for another two years, when he lived with his mother and stepfather. The boy did not get along with his mother’s husband and returned to his grandfather, who had already been ruined. In order not to be a burden to him, the teenager went “to the people”: he worked as a messenger, washed dishes, helped in a bakery.

Alyosha read a lot and in his teens began to study the works of famous philosophers. At the age of 16, Alexey went to Kazan, where he worked at the pier. I spent my free time at youth gatherings, where they read Marxist literature.

In 1887, his close people passed away: grandmother and grandfather. This was a great shock for the 19-year-old boy. In a state of deep depression, he decides to end his life. Alexey shoots and hits the lungs. Doctors performed the operation, but the complication will remain for life and will constantly remind of itself.

In the hospital, he again attempted suicide, drinking chloral hydrate from a vial and burning his esophagus. For attempted suicide, Peshkov was excommunicated for four years.

In the spring of 1891 he began his wandering “across Russia”: the Volga region, Ukraine and the Caucasus. The journey took a year and a half, all this time he worked part-time wherever he could. In the fall of 1892 he returned to Nizhny Novgorod.

Personal life of Maxim Gorky

In 1893 Peshkov entered into a civil marriage with Olga Kamenskaya. She was nine years older than him, divorced. An interesting fact: Olga’s mother, working as a midwife, took birth from his mother.

The marriage with Kamenskaya ended a year later, when his wife fell asleep while Peshkov was reading “The Old Woman Izergil”. In 1894 Peshkov moved to Samara and became a journalist Yehudiil Khlamida.

In the summer of 1896, Peshkov married Ekaterina Volzhina, who was eight years younger. The disease progresses, and doctors diagnose tuberculosis. The family leaves for the Crimea, and then near Poltava, where in the summer their son Maxim was born.

In the spring of 1900, in Sevastopol, Gorky meets the actress Maria Andreeva. The novel is developing rapidly and after three years Andreeva becomes his unofficial wife.

In 1906, Gorky and Maria left for the USA, and six months later settled in Italy on about. Capri. They lived there for seven years. In January 1914, Gorky returned to Russia.

The marriage of Gorky and Andreeva in 1919 came to naught. This is not due to flirting with Baroness Maria Budberg, but due to a serious passion for Varvara Shaykevich, who gave birth to his daughter Nina, who later became a ballerina.

In the fall of 1921, Gorky and Andreeva left for Germany, and in 1924 they moved to Sorrento. In Europe, Gorky is making great efforts to bring emigrants from Russia closer to their homeland.

• in 1928, at the invitation of Stalin, the writer comes to the USSR and travels around the cities of the country. Returns to Italy in autumn;
• 1929 – Gorky visits the USSR again. He visited the Solovetsky camp and wrote a positive review about the regime and the re-education of prisoners;
• in the fall of 1932, he arrives in the country and finds himself behind the Iron Curtain. He was not allowed to go abroad anymore;
• in May 1934 (according to the official version), the writer’s son Maxim Peshkov died of pneumonia.

Cause of death of Maxim Gorky

In the spring of 1936 Gorky caught a cold and was ill for about a month. It was visited by many famous personalities, Stalin came three times. Maxim Gorky died on June 18. The body was cremated and the urn with the ashes was placed on the wall of the Moscow Kremlin.

Maxim Gorky’s height is 1,93 m. The sign of the zodiac is Pisces.

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