😉 Hello everyone! Thank you for choosing the article “Marina Tsvetaeva: A Brief Biography” on this site! Here are the main stages of the life of the Russian poetess of the Silver Age.
Childhood and youth
Marina was born on October 8, 1892 in Moscow in the family of prof. Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev and his second wife, pianist Maria Alexandrovna Mayne. The family had four children, two from their first marriage, since the professor’s first wife died in childbirth.
The girl composed her first poems at the age of 6. Already at this age she spoke French and German. Her mother wanted her daughter to become a musician, and from the age of seven, Marina simultaneously studied at a girls’ gymnasium and at a music school.
The girl loved to listen to her father’s stories about the myths of Ancient Greece, and this was later reflected in her romantic works.
When Marina was 10 years old, her mother was diagnosed with the last stage of tuberculosis and the family left for Italy, in the town of Nervi near Genoa. In 1903 – 1905 the girl studied in boarding schools in France, Switzerland and Germany.
The family returned to Russia in 1905. Maria and her daughters lived in Yalta, and a year later they moved to Tarusa. Soon Maria died, the father took the girls to Moscow.
At the age of 17, Marina spent several months in Paris, where she was sent from the university to deepen her knowledge of French literature of past centuries.
In 1910, a collection of poems by Tsvetaeva was published, which attracted the attention of V. Bryusov, M. Voloshin and N. Gumilyov. A young poetess meets Maximilian Voloshin.
Marina Tsvetaeva’s family
Summer 1911 Tsvetaeva spends in the Crimea, where she meets Sergei Efron. Six months later, they got married, their daughter Ariadne (Alya) was born. In 1917, the second daughter, Irina, was born, but after living for three years, the baby died.
Sergey Efron and Marina Tsvetaeva
Like many creative people, Tsvetaeva was an addicted person and often fell in love. For example, she had a long-term romantic relationship with B. Pasternak. In the fall of 1914, Marina met the poetess Sophia Parnok and they developed a close relationship that lasted for about two years.
Years of civil confrontation were an ordeal for the family. Efron served in the Volunteer Army, and Marina worked in various commissariats in Moscow.
In 1921, Efron was in exile in Prague and studied at the university. I. Ehrenburg, while passing through Prague, conveyed to him a message from his wife. Having received an answer, Marina began to prepare for emigration.
In the spring of 1922, she and her daughter went to Prague. Here Tsvetaeva had a passionate affair with lawyer Konstantin Rodzevich, which lasted for several months. And then Marina helped his betrothed in choosing a dress for a wedding celebration, ending all relations.
In 1925, his son George was born and the family left for Paris. But here Efron was charged with recruiting the NKVD. Since the 1930s, the family has lived on the brink of poverty.
Sometimes Salome Andronikova provided a little help. Sergei Yakovlevich was seriously ill. The only source of income was the articles that Tsvetaeva wrote. The daughter took orders for the decoration of hats.
Disastrous return
Husband and daughter constantly persuaded Marina to leave for the USSR. In the spring of 1937, Ariadne received permission to return. And in the fall, Sergei Efron fled illegally, since his participation in the contract murder of Trotsky’s son was proven.
In 1939 Marina Ivanovna also came to the USSR. But the return of the family to their homeland brought a lot of grief and tragedy. In August, Alya was arrested, in October – Sergei. He was shot two years later. Alya spent 15 years in exile, she was rehabilitated only in 1955.
In August 1941, she and her son left for evacuation to the Tatar town of Elabuga. On August 31, 1941, leaving a few notes, the poetess hanged herself in the house where she and her son were sharing. George died in the war, in the summer of 1944 and was buried in a common grave in Braslav, Belarus.
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