A stoma, otherwise known as a fistula, is performed when, as a result of a disease or injury, the large intestine or small intestine (including the ureters or the bladder) is damaged. Then it cannot be excreted normally, i.e. through the anus. This procedure consists in introducing the bowel opening through the abdominal wall to the outside of the abdomen. A changed bag is attached to the stoma, into which undigested food remains are discharged. However, this does not mean the end of life activity. You can live a normal life with a fistula, although it takes time to adapt to the new situation.
Developing lifestyle diseases mean that there are more and more people with a stoma: there are almost a million worldwide, and about 20 in Poland. sick. Most of them are women over 50. Little is said about it, because for people who have it, it is often a reason for shame. Stoma can be a serious source of stress, which is why they often inform only the closest family about it. Unfortunately, too many people limit their social activities, give up work, travel, because they do not know that you can live normally with a stoma.
Does the fistula limit the patient?
The most important thing is to choose the right equipment. It cannot limit the patient, it should enable him to function almost normally. That is why the choice is often prolonged, even up to several months, in order to choose the most comfortable option, giving a full sense of security. It is worth thinking carefully about. The ideal equipment is characterized by a high degree of tightness, does not cause any irritation and can even care for the skin around the fistula. There are two basic types:
- One-piece equipment – a bag with an attached adhesive. It is glued around the stoma, when it is full, gently peels off and is replaced with a new one (once a day). This type of equipment is usually used by people who like to swim or dress in body-hugging clothes. This option is often chosen by people with a colostomy.
- Two-piece equipment – a plate glued to the skin and a bag attached to it, which is usually changed twice a day. The plaque lasts for several days. This option will be suitable for those who count primarily on a sense of security, are just after surgery, suffer from an ileostomy or urostomy.
Stoma diet. What to eat, what to avoid
A good way is also to follow a proper diet. Fatty and sweet foods are inadvisable, it is better not to drink carbonated drinks, flattening vegetables: peas, onions, cabbage and beans, avoid spicy dishes and stone fruits. A proper diet includes:
- Coarse, stale bread,
- Lean meat,
- The fish,
- Dairy,
- groats,
- Vegetable stocks and lean broths,
- Cereal and corn flakes,
- Fruit,
- Vegetables.
The way we eat is also important. You need to drink at least 2 liters of fluids a day, eat at least 3 meals a day at regular intervals, chewing thoroughly. Preferably with your mouth closed so as not to take in too much unnecessary air. A good way is to eat at regular times. It is necessary to eliminate cigarettes, because if smoked on an empty stomach, they can cause diarrhoea.