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Varieties of peaches differ in the widest variety. Recently, the range has been increasing due to the use of different types of rootstocks. Frost-resistant trees have been bred that grow and bear fruit in the Moscow region.
Variety of peach varieties
Owners of household plots are amazed by the sea of peach varieties that differ in shape, smell, color or ripening time, crown height and structure, and growing conditions. Pomologists distinguish peach trees by the appearance of their fruits and divide them into 4 categories:
- Real peaches include plants that have pubescence on the fruits and the stone is freely removed. Separately distinguish the group Pavia – the stone is not separated, but the skin is pubescent.
- Fruits with a smooth skin and an easily separated stone – nectarines. Those whose bone is not removed, – brunion.
- wild peach Potanin, has a low crown, up to 2 m.
- Fig or Ferghana peach with flattened fruits. The name is given because of the similarity to the fruits of figs.
New trees appear in each group every year. Modern breeding is aimed at breeding frost-resistant or drought-resistant, columnar and dwarf trees. Culture differs in terms of maturation. Decorative specimens with burgundy or reddish leaves are popular.
When do peaches ripen?
Peach trees bloom and bear fruit in extended periods. The early ones enter the flowering phase in April-May, but due to their properties they withstand spring return frosts down to -7,5 ° C. Such varieties are planted in the middle climatic zone, as well as in the Urals and Siberia. The fruits have time to ripen in a short warm season until mid-July, the first decade of August.
Many representatives of the group of mid-season plants are frost-resistant. The ripening period for peaches is from August 10-12 until the end of the month. They are often grown in different regions of Our Country, placing them in cozy, wind-protected areas.
Late varieties are intended only for the North Caucasus region or the south of Crimea. Ripens from early September to October. In colder climates, peach varieties for the south do not pick up sweetness until frost.
Classification of peach varieties by maturity
By the time of fruit ripeness, peach trees are divided into early, mid-ripening, late.
Early varieties of peach
Early ripe plants bear fruit from 2-3 years. In the conditions of most regions of Our Country, it is necessary to plant zoned peaches. There are many European varieties that ripen in early summer, in June, but they may not take root in the continental climate, but only in the southern regions. Frost-resistant representatives are popular, fast-growing and possessing endurance to pathogens of characteristic diseases. Gardeners will be able to navigate the varieties of peaches with photos and descriptions.
Grade fluffy early withstands frosts down to -28 ° C, little susceptible to disease, zoned for the North Caucasus. The skin is creamy greenish with a blush, the flesh is whitish, sweet and aromatic, satisfactory in taste. Oval-rounded fruits weigh up to 100 g, ripen in July.
The name itself is Dagestan gold – indicates the preferred growing area. Bright yellow fruits with a blush weigh 130 g, sing together from July 15-20, are transportable. After a frost, the tree is restored for 2-3 years, resistant to curl.
Breeders from a neighboring country brought peach Kazakh early, it gives fruits from June 25: spherical, pink-burgundy, weighing 80-120 g, with a harmonious taste. The plant is unpretentious, endures frosts, little susceptible to diseases.
Fruits Kyiv early they feast on July 3-6 in the south, from July 15 – in the middle lane. Creamy peaches weighing from 60 to 100 g are very fragrant, with sweet light flesh. Plants endure frosts down to -20 ° C, are affected by powdery mildew. Trees grow quickly and recover well after pruning.
Round fruits white swan weigh 150-200 g, dessert destination, ripen from mid-August. The skin is soft yellow, ruddy on one side. Sweet flesh is light cream. Drought-resistant and winter-hardy peaches. Flowers tolerate light frosts.
Varieties of peaches of medium ripening
The fruits of mid-ripening varieties are ready for harvest from August 10-15 to September. Trees bear fruit from 3-4 years of growth.
Peach Cardinal grows low, with a compact crown. Belongs to varieties of large varieties of peaches: fruits are large, 200-240 g, with yellow-red skin, bright pulp. The taste is tender, slightly fibrous. The tasters gave them a score of 5 points. The tree gives up to 44 kg of yield, endures frosts down to -27 ° C, but does not withstand frost well, and is little damaged by diseases. The variety ripens from August 10-14.
peaches Stavropol pink varieties, weighing 110-140 g, sing from August 15-20. Round in shape, light yellow with a red half. Juicy pulp of white color, gentle to taste. The plant is low, the crown is dense. Resists curl, powdery mildew, clasterosporiosis. Bred for the south of Our Country, these peaches ripen well in the Crimea.
Grade Vavilovskiy adapted for cultivation not only in the southern regions, but also in the central ones. Very winter-hardy, mid-early, ripens by the end of July. Dessert direction, was rated 4,8 points. Weight on average 250-300 g, outside and inside of a pleasant yellow color, juicy and sweet. A medium-sized tree has relative resistance to fungal infections.
Fruits of variety Ambassador of the world more than a third are painted in carmine color. Weigh 120-160 g, rounded, juicy and tasty. Tender and sweet flesh is yellow, with a pleasant fibrous texture. They sing by mid-August. Trees are resistant to diseases and frost, withstand drought. Flower buds tolerate spring frosts.
juicy fruit widely known for its bright fruits, weighing 150-200 g, three-quarters colored with a muted carmine hue. Sings by the end of July, very tasty. Fruits are elastic, with the allocated juice. The stone is large, weakly separated. Plants are tall, productive, give 60-70 kg. Flower buds are frost tolerant.
late peaches
They bear fruit from the fifth year of growth, they are intended for the southern regions, not higher than the Rostov region, since all varieties are filled with sweetness only by mid-September or early October. Late varieties of peaches develop well in the Crimea.
Grade Jaminat ripens during the first half of September. Oval, large fruits weighing 140-160 g are sweet, a pleasant sour taste is felt. The cover is rich red, inside a soft yellow tint. Maturation is friendly, the plant is resistant to infections, it is recommended for industrial cultivation.
Irganai late, like Jaminat, – the result of the work of Dagestan breeders, resistant to fungi. The same medium-sized tree, at the same time gives fruits weighing 150 g from the beginning of September. They are painted in a warm yellow hue with a broad blush. The yellow flesh is sweet, with a slight pleasant sourness. The bone is easily separated.
Peach Frost American selection, large-fruited – up to 200 g, and fruitful. It can be recommended to the group of peach varieties for the Chernozem region, because, according to reviews, it withstands frosts from 26 to 32 ° C, it sings in September. Versatile in use, but recommended by American growers for jams due to its fibrous texture.
old variety Elbert also from the USA, stable, vigorous and large-fruited – up to 150 g. The skin is ruddy with a yellow background. The shape is oval, with an elongated sharp nose. Sweet pulp refreshes with pleasant sourness. It ripens quite early for late-ripening species – from August 25-28.
Popular varieties of peach
Widely known and hardy species are usually distributed among gardeners. A photo of peach varieties with a name and description will help you navigate the variety of plants.
Frost-resistant varieties of peach
Trees that recover well after a frosty winter were bred in Our Country, Belarus, Ukraine, and the USA.
mid-early peach Novoselkovsky endures frosts up to 28 ° C, in the case of lower temperatures, the flower buds die, but the wood recovers over time. Little susceptible to fungal pathogens. Ripens at the end of July. Fruits 50-60 g each, with a whitish-cream cover and the same pulp.
Crimean peach selection Golden Moscow with late flowering withstands frost up to 18 ° C, the wood can be restored. Unassuming, drought tolerant, powdery mildew resistant. Belongs to the category of large-fruited – 140-180 g. Ripening by mid-August.
20-degree frosts are tolerated by wood varieties Siberian. A mid-season, productive plant quickly increases the mass of shoots, bears fruit from the third year. The fruits ripen during August: small, 25-40 g, quite tasty, juicy, sweet-sour.
Winter-hardy Saturn US selections are not afraid of frosts down to -27 ° C. Vigorous peach from the group of fig cultivars, fruitful, will ripen by the end of summer. Care includes bending powerful branches to the ground. Flat-round fruits are red-yellow on top, with a creamy tint inside. Juicy, sweet, the bone does not separate well.
Bush varieties of peaches
In the areas of the middle lane, it is recommended to form any peach plant with a bush. Leave 8-11 shoots, periodically replacing them with new ones. Bush peach is easier to cover in frosty winters.
Resistant variety Voronezh bush bred by amateur breeders, suitable for regions with cool short summers. The bush is compact, 1,5-2 m high. The branches tend to the ground, in severe winters they are pinned and covered, although the tree is not afraid of frosts down to -35 ° C. Ripens in August, from the 2nd year of growth, fruits 90-120 g – juicy, tasty.
Peach Shrub, winter-hardy and hardy, grown in Belarus and northern Ukraine. Resistant to fungal pathogens. It sings from August 20, weighing 80-110 g. The fruits are oblong, creamy yellow, with a blush, pleasant to the taste.
Dwarf peach varieties
Low-growing peaches, up to 2-2,5 m, are bred on the basis of the fig group. Species grafted onto modern dwarf rootstocks which are labeled with the term Nano, grow up to 1,5-2 m.
Balconella – mid-season variety, both dwarf and columnar. Although there are specimens with a spherical crown. It grows up to 1,2-1,5 m. It ripens in August, the weight of peaches is 90-145 g, 5-6 cm in diameter, tasty, juicy.
Grade Bonanza, up to 1,5 m tall after 10 years of growth, grown in Europe and America to decorate patios. Planted in tubs with a volume of 10-30 liters, providing sun, watering and fertilizer. The variety produces up to 4,5 kg of fruit, weighing up to 100 g, sweet and juicy.
peach Steinberg 1,8-2 m high, productive and mid-season. Resistant to fungal diseases. Gives large oval fruits from the next year after planting for 15 years: weight 140-205 g, with yellow juicy and tasty pulp.
Sweet Cap – winter-hardy variety, withstands up to -23 ° C, rises to 2-3,5 m. Harvest is friendly, fruits up to 140 g, sour-sweet, with a refreshing, pleasant aftertaste. The skin is red-burgundy, the flesh is whitish.
Varieties of Italian breeding called UFO contains a whole series numbered from 1 to 12. The most popular are Ufo 2, 3, 4 and 5. A typical undersized height of the fig group. Peaches are burgundy or red with a slight yellow background on the outside and white-cream inside, sweet. Weight 100-110 g.
Red-leaved peach varieties
Trees with burgundy-red leaves for decorative purposes are bred on the material of cherry plum Pissard, which has this shade.
Peach Negus bears fruit and decorates the yard with leaves of a red-violet hue. It grows up to 3-4 m, on undersized rootstocks – 2 m. Frost-resistant, not affected by scab. Ripes by the end of July, fruits without pubescence, burgundy, sweet and sour.
Grade Burgundy sings from August 10-15, weight up to 150 g, pink skin color. Planted because of the decorative burgundy leaves, which by the fall acquire a light green hue, with red veins. The tree is winter-hardy, up to -25 ° C, 3-4 m high, the crown is rounded.
Red leaf nectarines Medvedevsky 1 and 2 – frost-resistant and hardy varieties of Ukrainian selection. Height up to 3-4 m, with a slightly spreading crown, winter-hardy, mid-season, ripens from early August. Fruit weight 140-180 g, red-yellow skin and yellow flesh: juicy and sweet. The bone is separated.
American varieties of peach
Usually trees are distinguished by large fruits with high commercial qualities.
Mid early, long bred (1940) peach Redhaven – the most famous, is still of industrial importance. The tree is vigorous, 5 m tall, drought-resistant, frost-resistant – up to -25 ° C, blooms late. Resistant to clasterosporia and powdery mildew, affected by curly. The fruits are tasty, 170-250 g. Productivity from 11 years old – 100 kg.
One of the best late varieties – frost-resistant Fleming Fury. Wood tolerates up to -28 °C. It ripens from mid-September: large-fruited peaches of orange color, which is covered with a pomegranate blush, weigh 200-300 g, are stored for a week. Received 5 points for taste.
early maturing Greensboro collected from the beginning of August. Oval fruits up to 120 g are covered with a greenish-red skin, strongly pubescent. Inside are also greenish-creamy, juicy, sweet and sour, fragrant. There is resistance to frost and clasterosporia.
The mid golden anniversary bred almost 100 years ago, but popular with gardeners in the south of our country. A variety with medium frost resistance, vigorous, rises to 4-5 m, large-fruited – 125-170 g. There is slight pubescence on the golden ruddy skin, the pulp is tender, tasty.
New varieties of peach
The goal of modern breeders is high consumer qualities of fruits and winter hardiness of wood. Self-fertile Canadian varieties are popular today.
early vigorous Harbinger sing from the beginning of July. Weight 80-90 g, the skin is ruddy, but muted tones. Peaches are juicy, sweet, fragrant, transportable. The wood is frost-resistant, flower buds can suffer from frost.
fast growing Harrow Diamond winter hardy (-28 °C). Round-oval fruits weigh 90-200 g, also of low color, with orange, sweet and sour pulp. Suitable for transportation. They ripen in July, they need normalization.
Winter hardy early Harness gives attractive, bright-ruddy fruits, ripen from the beginning of August. The variety differs in that rounded peaches weighing 100-155 g do not fall off. The taste is excellent, the bone is easily separated.
American industrial grade Royal Majestic differs in winter hardiness, large-fruitedness (over 200 g) and early ripening from mid-July. Spherical fruits are completely covered with a thick blush. Delicious, light and transportable. The tree is not susceptible to disease.
The best varieties of peaches for different regions of Our Country
Peaches are a southern crop, and all varieties develop well and bear fruit in southern Our Country. Late species are planted here, which will ripen until October.
Peach varieties for the middle band
For weather conditions of the middle lane, varieties are chosen:
- early, those who have time to give the harvest in the warm season;
- winter-hardy and quickly restoring wood;
- late flowering, when the threat of frost is gone.
Varieties have these properties. Kremlin, Golden Moscow, Voronezh bush, Veteran, Novoselkovsky, Jelgava, Forest-steppe early, Favorite Morettini, Madeleine Pouillet, Frost, Fury, Early Kiev, Juicy, Winter hardy, Donskoy, Greensboro, Redhaven, Collins and others. Trees are planted in a sheltered and sunny place from the north. In the first 2-3 winters, seedlings are sure to cover, erecting a kind of tent over and around the tree.
Peaches: varieties for the south of Our Country
In the southern gardens, any type of crop is grown, except for tropical ones. Those that bear fruit late and are highly marketable are popular: Autumn Blush, Irganai late, Jaminatand Dagestan gold, fluffy early, Solar, The Soviet, steppe news, Sunrise, all nectarines and others.
Peach varieties for the Kuban
Actual varieties of peaches for the Krasnodar Territory are those that endure frost and are not affected by diseases. Curl resistant Early, Stark Red Gold, springtime, Sunhaven, Redhaven, Madeleine Pouillet, Early Kuban. The best varieties are zoned: Autumn Blush, The Velvet season, Early Kuban, Memory of Simirenko, Favorite Morettini, Springold, Collinsand fig peaches.
Crimean varieties of peaches
Judging by the description with a photo of peach varieties in the Crimea, the same disease-resistant and frost-resistant species are popular here. Trees develop well in areas with sandy soils, protected from northern winds. The zoned varieties of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden selection belong to the Crimean peaches: Kremlin, Golden Moscow, Juicy, fluffy early, Red-cheeked, Red Maiden, Tourist. Among the others: Story, The Soviet, Frant, Favorite Morettini, Redhaven, Veteran, Greensboro, Cardinal, golden anniversary. Grow nectarines Lola, Evpatoria, Kiev.
The best varieties of peaches for the Moscow region
Zoned trees, formed in the form of a bush, take root well in this region. Those varieties are planted that endure frosts down to -25 ° C, with late flowering periods, quickly recovering wood. Early and mid-ripening fruits ripen here: Donskoy frost-resistant, White Swan, Greensboro, Favorite Morettini, Early Kiev, Redhaven; columnar frost-resistant – early honeyed, mid-season Steinberg; disease resistant nectarines Redgold, Big Top, Crimson Gold.
Self-fertile varieties of peaches – myth or reality
Yields are increased if cross-pollination occurs between trees planted in a group. Self-pollinated varieties give a large collection of fruits even when they grow singly. For the Moscow region, self-fertile varieties of peaches are more profitable, since it is easier to work in a similar climate with one plant. Popular:
- frost-resistant variety Golden Moscow;
- Crimean mid-season variety Story;
- disease resistant golden anniversary – for the south;
- fruitful early Harness;
- mid-season frost-resistant Vulcan with firm fruits (Canadian series Tward Tardiv);
- mid-season winter-hardy Inca.
Conclusion
Peach varieties are selected by region, guided by their qualities and ripening dates. There are unpretentious trees that give a good harvest. Simple care and compliance with the requirements of agricultural technology will ensure the successful development of plants.