Hallux valgus is a deviation of the base of the big toe outward. The toe of the big toe moves closer to the 2nd toe, resulting in a deformation of the front of the foot. Hallux valgus, a bone deformation, manifests itself in the form of a lump at the level of the first metatarsal, inside the foot. This deformity can be associated with an inflammation called bursitis. This bump, which is therefore formed by the apex of the angle between the first metatarsal which goes inward and the big toe which goes outward, can prevent certain shoes from being worn.

Hallux valgus can be very painful, both in the joint and in the skin (friction against the shoe when walking).

There is juvenile hallux valgus, which is often a severe form of the disease. Usually the disease begins around 40 years.

Prevalence

Hallux valgus is the most common pathology of the forefoot. It would affect a little less than one in ten people in France¹.

Diagnostic

The diagnosis of hallux valgus is simple since it can be seen with the naked eye. A radiography is however necessary, in particular to assess the degree of deviation of the toe.

Causes

The appearance of a hallux valgus is often due to genetic factors. There is indeed a congenital predisposition. Shoes and especially shoes with heels and pointed toes, age and menopause could also be responsible for the appearance of a hallux valgus. Finally, certain diseases such as polio or rheumatological diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis increase the risk of developing hallux valgus. Hyper-flexible ligaments (ligament hyperlaxity) can also be a factor favoring hallux valgus, as can the form of the “pronator” foot where the foot tends to sag inward.

Classification

There is a classification of hallux valgus which depends on the angle of deviation of the big toe. Thus, some speak of mild hallux valgus when this angle is less than 20 °. Hallux valgus becomes moderate between 20 and 40 ° (the phalanx is no longer in the axis of the metatarsal) then severe when the angle is greater than 40 °.