Ectropion refers to the abnormal eversion of a mucous membrane, that is to say a turning of the tissue outwards. This phenomenon is observed particularly at the level of the eye with an inversion of the eyelid, and at the uterine level with an inversion of part of the cervix. While ectropion in the eye is generally linked to aging, ectropion of the cervix can especially occur during pregnancy.

Definition of ectropion

Ectropion is a medical term used in distinction from entropion. The latter corresponds to the abnormal inversion of a mucous membrane, that is to say the turning of a tissue inward. Conversely, ectropion refers to the abnormal eversion of a mucous membrane. The fabric turns outwards.

Ectropion can be seen at different levels of the body. We can in particular distinguish:

• ectropion in ophthalmology which concerns the eyelid: the free edge, the one where the eyelashes are implanted, tilts outwards;
• ectropion in gynecology which concerns the cervix: the internal part (endocervix) comes out towards the external part (exocervix).

Causes of ectropion

The causes of ectropion differ depending on its location. 

Ectropion in the eye may be related to:

• sagging eyelids due to aging, in the majority of cases;
• injuries as a result of trauma;
• a surgical intervention ;
• blepharospasm, a condition characterized by repeated and involuntary contractions of the muscles of the eyelids;
• facial nerve palsy, particularly in Bell’s facial palsy.

Ectropion in the cervix can be linked to:

• pregnancy, and more precisely the significant production of estrogen associated with it;
• taking estrogen-progestogen contraceptives, the latter also having an impact on sex hormone levels;
• a malformation.

Diagnosis of ectropion

The diagnosis of ectropion of the eyelid is based on a clinical examination and questioning, the objective of which is the evaluation of symptoms and medical history. That of ectropion of the cervix also requires a Pap smear.

People affected by ectropion

Ectropion of the eyelid most often affects older people without apparent predominance of gender. Ectropion of the cervix is ​​found in women and without apparent predominance of age.

The risk of eyelid ectropion is higher in people who have had trauma or surgery to the eye.

Regarding ectropion of the cervix, taking estrogen-progestins can promote its development.

In ophthalmology, ectropion is manifested by a problem of eyelid closure. Both eyelids can no longer close, which often leads to dry eye syndrome. This is reflected in particular by:

• a sensation of a foreign body in the eye;
• redness in the eye;
• burning sensations;
• photosensitivity.

In gynecology, ectropion may not cause any noticeable symptoms. In some cases, discomfort is noted.

The management of ectropion of the eyelid can be based on:

• the use of artificial tears and lubricating eye ointments in the majority of cases to keep the eye moist and relieve dry eye syndrome;
• surgical treatment in specific cases, especially if complications are likely to occur. 

Regarding ectropion of the cervix, medical monitoring is necessary. If no specific treatment is necessary in certain cases, management can sometimes be considered:

• drug treatment based on anti-infectives in the form of an egg;
• microwave coagulation of tissue.

To date, no means of prevention have been identified for ectropions.