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Klebsiella ozena belongs to a species of facultative anaerobic gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that look like thick short sticks in the shape of an ellipse. The sizes of microorganisms do not exceed several micrometers. These bacteria are immobile, do not form spores, and have characteristically pronounced capsules. Capsules give Klebsiella resistance, protecting against adverse environmental influences. Thanks to the capsules, these bacteria have received a unique opportunity to persist for a long time in water, soil, on the surface of various objects indoors.
Enterobacterium Klebsiella also feels great in dairy products, multiplying both at room temperature and at “minus” (for example, in the refrigerator).
In the process of heating to 65 ° C Celsius, the death of microorganisms occurs within an hour.
Klebsiella got its name from the famous German microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913).
Klebsiella classification
The classification of modern scientists refers the genus klebsiella to the family “enterobacteria” (from the Latin enterobacteriaceae), the class “gamma-proteobacteria”, the type “proteobacteria”, the kingdom “bacteria”. Klebsiella belongs to the coliform bacteria.
The Klebsiella genus includes the following species:
klebsiella ozena
klebsiella pneumonia
Klebsiella rinoscleromy
klebsiella oxytoca
klebsiella ornithinolytica
klebsiella planticola
klebsiella terrigena
Klebsiella ozena and “malicious runny nose”
In 80 percent of patients with ozena, or “fetid rhinitis”, which is characterized by atrophy of the mucous membranes and walls of the bones of the nasal cavity, Klebsiella ozena, formerly called “ozena’s stick” or “Abel-Levenberg’s stick”, was found. With an ozena disease, a specific secret is released in the nasal cavity, which, when dried, turns into crusts with a very unpleasant odor. These crusts tightly clog the mucous membranes, making it difficult for the patient to breathe through the nose. In addition, Klebsiella ozena provokes other chronic diseases that affect the trachea, larynx and pharynx. The course of the disease is complicated by the appearance of a liquid secretion with a repulsive odor.
Treatment of Klebsiella infections
In the treatment of Klebsiellosis, some types of antibiotics have been effective for a long time: aminoglycosides, ampicillin, levomycetin, nifuroxazide, rifaximin, tetracyclines. But recent studies have shown that there are widespread strains of Klebsiella that are resistant to antibiotics. Today, drugs are popular, the active substance of which is the following types of bacteriophages: “Bacteriophage Klebsiella pneumonia” and “Bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent” (liquid purified), a combined preparation of pyobacteriophage with the trade name “Pyobacteriophage complex liquid” (otherwise – “pyopolyphage”, “polyvalent pyobacteriophage” , “sextafagus”). These drugs selectively act either only on Klebsiella, or on a whole complex of bacteria, if these are combined bacteriophages. They have no contraindications for use, but they have a significantly lower degree of effectiveness compared to antibiotics, including in the treatment of ozena.
Bacteriophages “Bacteriophage Klebsiella pneumonia”, “Pyobacteriophage polyvalent purified liquid” and “Bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent” are recommended for use by order No. 231 of 9.06.2003. Intestinal dysbacteriosis” with a significant progression of the number of Klebsiella pneumonia.
The drug “Bacteriophage” should be taken three times a day one hour before meals strictly on an empty stomach. Permissible single and daily dose of the drug depend on the age of the patient.