Contents
Kila cabbage is an infectious fungal disease that disrupts the root system: characteristic growths appear instead. As a result, the heads of cabbage are poorly tied, the yield is reduced. The pest is very dangerous – spores can winter in the ground for several years. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out prevention and apply effective methods of treatment already at the first signs.
What is keel on cabbage
Kila is an infectious pathology caused by the microscopic pathogenic fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease affects all types of cabbage (including broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts), as well as other cruciferous (turnip, radish, radish and others).
Outgrowths form on the surface of the roots due to the keel. These are rather dense formations that prevent the penetration of water and nutrients to the head. As the keel displaces the true roots, the cabbage wilts and the cuttings rot.
Kila is a dangerous disease that is common in all temperate regions. It affects up to 10% of all crops, which inevitably leads to loss of yield. The fungus spreads through contaminated soil and seeds, quickly infecting neighboring plantings. The following year, pathogens have time to spread throughout the field.
Signs of keeled cabbage
If cabbage is sick with keel, this can be determined by a number of external signs. The main of them are growths on the roots. These are thick formations that are clearly visible visually and by touch.
Other symptoms include:
- yellowing of foliage;
- over time – withering;
- heads of cabbage do not grow well, are slowly tied up.
The root affected by the disease can be identified by digging
Causes of keel on cabbage
Kila on cabbage is formed for various reasons:
- violation of the norm of irrigation;
- constant rains;
- moderately warm weather (in the range of 20-25 degrees);
- high humidity (often in a greenhouse, greenhouse).
Indirectly, the development of keel is affected by dry soil and lack of nutrients. It should be noted that the soil must remain constantly moist. Another important point is balanced fertilizers. They must contain not only basic substances, but also trace elements (calcium, zinc, chlorine, boron).
Fungi release spores that overwinter in the soil. With the onset of heat, quila sprouts and again infects cabbage and other plants through the root system. Moreover, in the summer secondary spores are formed, which are transmitted with water droplets. Then the fungi return to the soil, and the cycle repeats.
How to get rid of kale in the garden
There are quite a few effective methods for dealing with clubroot. The disease is complex, the pest spreads quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to use several methods at once. Experienced summer residents and farmers recommend observing crop rotation, not violating the irrigation rate. When symptoms of keel appear, it is necessary to immediately treat with chemical or biological preparations. Folk remedies are also used – the main methods of treatment are described in the following sections.
Crop rotation
Crop rotation is one of the basic rules of agricultural technology. For the prevention of clubroot and other pathologies, it is not recommended to grow cabbage in the same place for more than three years in a row. It should be alternated with nightshade, legumes, green manure, as well as onions.
When planting, it must be taken into account that the best predecessors of cabbage are:
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes;
- bow;
- early varieties of potatoes;
- perennial herbs.
The worst predecessor is the cabbage itself of any variety (including red cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and many others). In order to prevent clubroot, cabbage should not be planted after other cruciferous plants (radish, turnip, radish, and others).
Tomatoes and other nightshades are excellent precursors for cabbage
Fighting keel on cabbage with folk remedies
You can also fight keel on the roots of cabbage with home remedies. They are not as effective as drugs, but they do not cause any harm to the soil and plants. Solutions according to folk recipes are used at the stage of prevention, as well as during the initial development of the disease. The most commonly used tools are:
- infusion of wood ash;
- organic infusion;
- top;
- carry out the solution.
Wood ash is prepared as an infusion of 300 g per 10 liters of water. Insist 2-3 days and water the cabbage 500 ml per bush. The procedure is planned after the main watering. Then spud planting. Among organics, mullein, compost, dry or live yeast gives a good effect on keel. On their basis, an infusion is prepared and cabbage is watered.
If there is beet tops, quinoa, it is crushed and evenly scattered over the site. At the same time, it is recommended to dig the soil and water it with liquid organic matter. For example, you can use a mullein infusion diluted 10 times with water.
Also, infected soil can be watered with a solution of lime in the amount of 300 g per 10 liters. Each bush is given 500 ml. The procedure is repeated again in a week.
Therefore, it is recommended to measure the pH using indicator paper and, if necessary, acidify the soil.
Chemical method of protection of white cabbage from keel
Cabbage keel is a dangerous disease, and the most effective way to deal with it is to treat it with chemicals. For this use:
- “Previkur”;
- “Topaz”;
- Fundazol;
- “Zineb”.
Biological method of dealing with keeled cabbage
You can also fight keel on cabbage with biological preparations. These are fungicides containing strains of bacteria that destroy fungi. They are used at the stage of head formation, when the use of chemicals is no longer safe. The most common biological drugs include:
- “Fitosporin”;
- “Trichodermin”;
- “Baktofit”;
- “Gamair”.
Kila spore test
The easiest way to check for a pest is to dig up a wilting bush and pay attention to the roots. If growths are present on them, this is the keel.
For a quick check, you need to dig up a head of cabbage and inspect the roots.
Also in the spring it is recommended to sow fast-growing Beijing cabbage on the field. During the entire period, it is gradually undermined and the roots are carefully examined. First, young seedlings with the first 2-3 true leaves are studied. Then 2-3 more tests are made up to the heading stage.
Prevention of clubroot on cabbage
The fight against clubroot in the cultivation of cabbage is not always easy to organize. The disease is dangerous, so it is easier to prevent its development than to cope with the consequences. The main preventive measures are seed treatment, soil disinfection, as well as careful selection of varieties. The most efficient methods are described in the following sections.
Soil disinfection
First of all, it is necessary to disinfect the soil in which they plan to grow seedlings of cabbage or other crops. For the prevention of keel, the soil is watered with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate. To prepare it, you need to dilute 2-3 g of powder in 1 liter of water.
An alternative way is to make a soil mixture and put it in the freezer for several days. Thanks to freezing at a temperature of -18, it is possible to destroy spores of clubroot and other pathogens. Finally, if there is no time, you can hold the soil in the oven for 20 minutes (temperature 120 degrees).
After disinfection, not only harmful, but also beneficial bacteria die in the soil, and the natural balance of microflora is disturbed. To restore balance, it is recommended to add Rizotorfin, Phosphorobacterin or other bacterial fertilizer.
Seed disinfection
Preliminary protection of cabbage from clubroot can also be carried out with the help of seed dressing. They can be put in a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 1 liter) for 20-30 minutes (but no more). Then rinse with water and proceed to planting.
Also, seed treatment from cabbage keel can be carried out using the Planriz preparation. A 1% concentration solution is prepared from it, and grains are laid out a day before planting.
An alternative way is to carry out dressing in the Fitosporin fungicide. Pour water into a glass, add 4 drops and put the seeds for two hours, then immediately plant them on seedlings.
Variety choice
To save cabbage from keel, it is recommended to carefully choose a variety for cultivation. Adaptability to local climatic conditions, ripening time, yield, as well as the level of immunity to diseases should be taken into account. Three varieties have been bred that are particularly resistant to keel:
- Ladozhskaya 22;
- Losinoostrovskaya 8;
- Moscow late 9.
For planting, it is recommended to choose varieties that are resistant to keel
What to plant after cabbage affected by clubroot
On the site after the cabbage affected by the disease, it is recommended to plant the following crops:
- onions, garlic (any variety) – will help get rid of spores in 2 years;
- tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes (nightshade) – for 3 years;
- beets (any variety, including chard;
- spinach;
- green manure (mustard, alfalfa, legumes) – by themselves do not save from keel, but are used as a green fertilizer that enriches the soil with useful substances and improves its structure.
Conclusion
Kila cabbage is quite dangerous, as the pathogen spreads quickly through contaminated soil and can remain in it for several years. For emergency treatment, they are treated with chemicals. Moreover, the affected cabbage can be used as food – pathogens accumulate only in the roots.
