Kidney pain – causes, diagnosis, treatment. What diseases cause kidney pain?

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Kidney pain is often confused with back pain as it occurs in the lumbar region. Its cause may be kidney diseases, so its appearance should always be consulted with a doctor.

Kidney pain – characteristics

Unlike back pain that usually occurs in the lower back, kidney pain is deeper and higher. The kidneys are located under the rib cage on both sides of the spine. Kidney pain is felt on the sides or in the middle and upper back (most often under the ribs, on the right or left side of the spine). Pain can also spread to other areas, such as the abdomen or groin.

Kidney pain is the result of swelling or blockage in the kidneys or urinary tract. Other symptoms, such as fever, vomiting, or painful urination, indicate that the pain is the result of a kidney problem.

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Kidney pain – causes

Symptoms of kidney pain include discomfort (acute or chronic), pain, or sharp pain that occurs in the back between approximately the lowest rib and the buttock. Depending on the cause of the pain, it may radiate down the side to the groin or towards the abdomen. Here are the symptoms that may appear during kidney pain:

1. fever,
2. painful urination (dysuria),
3. blood in urine
4. nausea,
5. vomiting,
6. dizziness,
7. constipation or diarrhea
8. rash,
9. tiredness,
10. chills.

Other symptoms and signs that may occur as kidney function becomes increasingly reduced include:

1. a metallic taste in the mouth,
2. bad breath,
3. swelling and shortness of breath.

Depending on the cause, kidney pain may appear on the left or right side. Occasionally it can occur on both sides of the back. Traumatic kidney injury (kidney jerk) can cause the above symptoms, but mild damage may be asymptomatic at first. Severe kidney damage can cause abnormal blood pressure and heart rate, and even shock.

Kidney pain itself is a symptom that can occur due to problems or diseases of the kidneys or related structures, including the ureters or bladder. However, other diseases can mimic kidney pain, but are not actually caused by the kidneys, such as:

1. back muscle strain,
2. back problems,
3. rib pain
4. pleurisy,
5. radiculitis,
6. retroperitoneal fibrosis,
7. shingles,
8. abdominal aortic aneurysm,
9. gynecological problems,
10. many other reasons.

Although kidney pain often occurs on one side of the back, it can be on both sides simultaneously and radiate towards the abdomen or groin.

Pain that comes on suddenly is sharp, severe, and may increase or decrease in waves, often caused by kidney stones in the renal ureters. Pain caused by kidney stones is called renal colic.

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Diseases manifested by pain in the kidneys

Many of the causes of kidney disease that lead to kidney pain are due to acquired underlying conditions, which can affect your kidney function acutely or chronically. Some people may be born with a genetic abnormality that affects the kidneys.

Kidney pain can be acute and relatively constant. This is called “renal colic”. This type of pain is usually seen when a kidney stone or other problem is blocking the tube (ureter) that drains the kidney. However, other processes can cause chronic dull pain with sometimes acute pain in the kidneys. Some of the causes of kidney pain or side pain are as follows:

1. urinary tract infections (UTIs),
2. bladder infection
3. kidney infections (pyelonephritis),
4. kidney stones (nephrolithiasis and / or ureterolithiasis),
5. kidney cancer,
6. anything that presses on the kidney (for example, a large tumor)
7. glomerulonephritis,
8. blood clots in the kidney (renal vein thrombosis)
9. polycystic kidney syndrome (congenital),
10. congenital malformations of the kidney system causing complete or partial obstruction of urine flow,
11. drugs or toxins that damage kidney tissue (for example, exposure to pesticides or chronic use of drugs such as ibuprofen,
12. kidney pain during pregnancy
13. bleeding from the kidneys (haemorrhage), such as a penetrating trauma or blunt trauma (“kidney jerking”)
14. end-stage renal disease.

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Kidney pain – renal colic

Renal colic is caused by obstructed and shrunken ureters, which block the free flow of urine. It is related to the presence of deposits (stones) in the urinary tract. They are insoluble and their formation is influenced by a high concentration of a chemical in the urine.

Stones can be located in various places in the urinary tract, but most often they are formed in the calves or pelvis of the kidneys and in the upper part of the ureter. A characteristic symptom of nephrolithiasis is renal colic, which is characterized by unbearable pain in the lumbar region, radiating to the groin, labia or testes.

The pain that occurs in the disease is related to the movement of stones from the kidneys to the ureter (little lumen of the ureter and large size of the stones cause the muscle of the ureter to stretch).

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In addition to pain, accompanying symptoms may include:

1. urge to urinate
2. nausea,
3. vomiting,
4. blood in urine
5. high temperature and chills (especially in urinary tract infections)
6. sweating,
7. paleness,
8. frequent urination, but in small amounts,
9. low pressure.

In the treatment of renal colic, relaxants and analgesics are used. In addition, drugs that relax the ureter are given, which at the same time aim to expel kidney stones (small).

In the case of larger deposits, it is necessary to remove them using an endoscope or shock waves.

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Kidney pain – inflammation of the kidneys

The most common nephritis is glomerulonephritiswhich highlights changes in the general urinalysis. However, this ailment is not associated with pain. Another type of nephritis (accompanied by pain) is acute pyelonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis.

Acute interstitial nephritis

The most common cause of acute pyelonephritis is taking a certain group of drugs, mainly antibiotics and NSAIDs. In addition, infections and sarcoidosis are risk factors.

Among the symptoms of this ailment, the following are distinguished:

1. high temperature,
2. hypertension,
3. a small amount of urine (less than 500 ml of urine per day),
4. blood in the urine
5. swelling
6. characteristic dull pain in the lower back (lumbar region),
7. joint pain,
8. maculo-papular rash.

In treatment, the most important thing is to eliminate the cause of the disease. Determine which class of drugs is responsible for the nephritis, and then stop the drug immediately. Sometimes antibiotic therapy is additionally implemented.

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis is a disease of the urinary system, the course of which is considered to be the most severe. The cause of its formation is usually an infection with bacteria, e.g. E Coli, which belongs to the intestinal flora, and through the urethra, bladder and ureters it reaches the kidneys. This ailment is very dangerous as it can even result in kidney failure. In the course of the disease, unbearable pain occurs in the lumbar region of the spine.

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In addition, patients complain of:

1. nausea,
2. vomiting,
3. chills,
4. high temperature (even 39 degrees Celsius),
5. burning sensation when urinating,
6. painful urge to urinate,
7. blood in urine.

A general urine test usually shows a large number of leukocytes, red blood cells and bacteria. For the treatment of acute pyelonephritis, take antibiotics and drink plenty of fluids. In extreme cases, hospitalization is necessary.

By performing a preventive blood and urine test, you can rule out the possibility of kidney problems. The test helps to assess their condition and the functioning of the urinary system.

Other conditions where pain may appear in the lumbar region:

1. degenerative diseases of the spine joints,
2. discopathy,
3. endometriosis,
4. menstruation,
5. pregnancy,
6. prostatitis in men,
7. RA – rheumatoid arthritis,
8. ZZSK – ankylosing spondylitis,
9. abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture.

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Find out more about pains in the lumbosacral region.

Kidney pain – kidney tumor

Kidney pain is also a common symptom of a kidney tumor. Occurring pain may suggest that the tumor is already large or that it is infiltrating other organs. In addition, it may indicate that a patient is developing hydronephrosis. The cause of a kidney tumor, in addition to the presence of neoplastic tissue, may be blood clots that prevent the outflow of urine. Other symptoms of a kidney tumor may include:

1. arterial hypertension resistant to pharmaceuticals,
2. weight loss,
3. hematuria.

Urinary tract ultrasound with a quick deadline, which will allow to exclude the suspicion of a kidney tumor, is offered by the Polmed medical center. The examination includes examination of the bladder, ureters, kidneys and prostate gland in men.

Kidney pain – obstructive nephropathy

It is a condition arising from obstruction of urine outflow due to obstruction of the urinary tract. The obstruction may be affected by: aortic aneurysm, iliac artery aneurysm, cancer of the uterus or ovary, enlarged prostate, urolithiasis, or colon cancer.

Impaired urination can cause high pressure in the urinary tract and, over time, dilation of the renal pelvis, calyxes, and ureters. The kidneys become “distended” and urine accumulates in them (then we are talking about hydronephrosis). Gradually increasing hydronephrosis may not give any symptoms, only its rapid appearance resembles renal colic.

When you experience disturbing symptoms from the urinary system, you should immediately make an appointment with a urologist. The doctor will help diagnose the cause of the problem and implement effective treatment.

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Kidney pain – kidney cyst

A kidney cyst is the space around the kidney’s parenchyma with fluid inside. Small cysts are actually asymptomatic, but the situation is different when they reach a diameter of more than 5 cm. Then they can cause pain in the area of ​​the kidneys and an unpleasant feeling of fullness in the abdomen.

Large cysts require removal, small cysts – periodic inspection. An ultrasound scan should be performed to exclude any suspicion of a cyst. It will help to assess the condition of internal organs and detect diseases at an early stage of development, which enables effective treatment.

Kidney pain – kidney cancer

At the beginning, kidney cancer does not give any symptoms, and it is diagnosed by chance, e.g. during an ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. With the development of the disease, unpleasant symptoms begin to appear in the form of pain in the area of ​​the kidneys, and sometimes in the lower abdomen. Blood in the urine is also characteristic.

Other symptoms:

1. high temperature,
2. weight loss
3. cachexia,
4. anemia,
5. a thickening that can be felt through the abdominal wall (sometimes).

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Find out why kidney cancer is often detected too late.

Kidney pain – other causes

An enlarged prostate is a common disease in men over the age of 40. This gland is located just below the bladder. As the prostate gland enlarges, it may partially block the outflow of urine from the kidneys. This can lead to infection or swelling of one or both of the kidneys, causing pain.

An enlarged prostate is usually treated with medications to reduce it. In some cases, you may need radiation therapy or surgery. Kidney symptoms disappear as the prostate returns to its normal size.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that changes the shape of red blood cells. It can damage the kidneys and other organs. This leads to pain in the kidneys and blood in the urine. Medications help treat the effects of sickle cell anemia. Bone marrow transplants also help relieve symptoms.

Kidney pain – what tests should be performed?

The symptom that proves that pain in the lumbar region is the cause of kidney disease is Goldflam symptom. This test is performed when there is a suspicion that there is acute inflammation of the kidney.

The specialist who performs the examination puts one hand in the lumbar region, the other clenches a fist and then strikes the palm lying flat. If the patient feels pain after the impact, the symptom is positive, so the pain is caused by a sick kidney. Kidney pain can also be confirmed on the basis of increased muscle tension on the side of renal colic.

In patients with an acute attack of renal colic, general urinalysis and blood tests are performed. In addition, the doctor may order imaging tests:

1. urography,
2. spiral computed tomography,
3. X-ray inspection,
4. Kidney ultrasound (revealing the presence of stones, their size and location).

Regular health monitoring enables early detection of diseases and a quick recovery. Prophylactic laboratory tests are recommended to be performed once a year for men and women of all ages.

Do your symptoms require medical consultation? Check it out for yourself in a short medical interview.

Kidney pain – treatment

Treatment for kidney pain depends on the cause of the pain. Kidney infections and kidney stones that cause pain are often treated with ibuprofen, ketorolac, acetaminophen, or sometimes with small amounts of morphine (kidney stones). However, these remedies treat pain (they only ease the pain), not the root cause of the pain.

Some people may spontaneously excrete (urine removes the irritating kidney stone from the ureters and / or urethra) small kidney stones (usually less than about 6 mm in diameter).

Infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs and pyelonephritis, usually require antibiotic treatment in addition to pain medications).

If kidney stones completely block the ureter, or are about 6 mm in diameter or larger, they may require urological surgery. Usually recovery time is rapid (same day or several days) if kidney stones are removed by retrograde surgical techniques. However, some severe kidney damage may require more extensive surgery. Recovery time from these surgeries varies from weeks to months.

Other causes of pain in the side may require similar pain management and concomitant treatment. However, patients with known kidney problems (kidney disease) and / or impaired kidney function should not be treated with painkillers that are either filtered (cleared) by the kidneys and / or may cause further kidney damage.

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The Polmed medical center offers an appointment with a nephrologist who will take care of the good condition of the kidneys. Preventive checkups are very important as kidney disease may be asymptomatic for a long time.