Hello dear blog readers! Psychology is an exact science, and although we say that each of us is unique, there are certain principles that govern the mental processes of all people.
That is why it is so important to know the individual psychological characteristics of a person. Based on them, we can predict her behavior, understand what motives drive her. What does she want and how best to interact with her.
They consist of such key components as temperament, will, character, abilities and feelings. And today we will look at each of them in detail.
Temperament
History of occurrence
Hippocrates lived and worked in Ancient Greece in the XNUMXth century BC. So, one day he came to the conclusion that the health and activity of a person depend on the so-called juices that are produced in the body. These are lymph, yellow bile, black bile and blood. It is on their proportions that his behavior depends.
For example, a high level of lymph indicates balance, yellow bile indicates impulsiveness and irascibility. Black bile characterizes people as sad, prone to melancholy, and blood is cheerfulness.
Claudius Galen, based on the ideas of Hippocrates, proposed the first classification of temperament types, and the scientist Ivan Pavlov slightly modernized it, proving that it is innate and it is simply impossible to change it.
Classification
Let’s look briefly at each of these types. You can get more detailed information by clicking on this link.
Sanguine
Such people are quite active, restless and crave new sensations. Therefore, you rarely find them at home, they are usually somewhere at exhibitions, in museums, and travel. They love to communicate and they are great at it.
The profession is most often chosen so as to constantly be among people. They speak quickly, loudly, using facial expressions and gestures. They are considered cheerful, sometimes naive, but sincere.
You will always know exactly how they treat you. They don’t know how to hide their emotions. If they have to stay in the same conditions for a long time, they fade away from monotony and boredom.
Choleric
Choleric, like sanguine, is quite active and mobile. Just completely unstable and unbalanced. For example, it can flare up “like a match”, and after a minute it will already be calm, wondering why everyone around is upset and so on.
This feature is often the reason for the breakdown of relationships, both friendly and family, love. They are quite responsible and organized in their work, they can be entrusted with some complex and important task.
The most appropriate activity is leadership. Here you can certainly rely on their honesty and justice.
Phlegmatic person
The main characteristic is restraint. He will never allow himself rash words and deeds. It is almost impossible to unbalance him so that he loses control and shows emotions.
Reliable, responsible, he can do the same thing for a long time and monotonously, without leaving it halfway, even if he no longer has the strength to continue.
The phlegmatic is usually not ambitious and prefers the partner to have the power. It is better for him to follow someone’s order than to make a decision on his own. He is distrustful, but if he let him into his life, then you can be sure of his loyalty.
Melancholic
Slow and sad. Energy levels are almost always low. He is usually immersed in his thoughts, which are not at all optimistic.
In the event of some difficulty, he will lose interest in life for a long time, plunging into melancholy and sad thoughts about how bad everything is.
Such slowness and passivity due to excessive suppression of other feelings. They “hang around the neck” with a heavy load, which makes it rather difficult to rejoice and have fun.
Tetravert
Symbiosis of several types of temperament. The “pure type” is very rare, basically, each of us at some point makes itself felt various features and types of behavior, reactions to a stimulus.
Character
Character is a set of stable personality traits that are manifested in her behavior, communication, the way to achieve her goals, and so on. Unlike temperament, it is not innate, but is formed in the process of development, knowledge of oneself and the world around, vigorous activity and interaction with other people.
Classification of traits in relation to:
- Surrounding people: kindness, truthfulness, tact, justice, closeness, openness, gullibility, distrust, sociability, rudeness, harshness, caring, fidelity, irascibility and so on.
- Work: responsibility, reliability, diligence, irresponsibility, diligence, laziness, dishonesty, non-execution, restlessness, ambition and so on.
- To yourself: self-criticism, narcissism, arrogance, pride, insecurity, modesty, shyness, modesty, etc.
- Own property: jealousy, greed, wastefulness, cleanliness, carelessness, frugality, irresponsibility, accuracy, carelessness…
Character accentuations
We are accustomed to consider the character of a person from the point of view of extraversion or vice versa, introversion. That is, focusing on their inner experiences and thoughts, which is characteristic of introverts. Or outside, on other people, without whose attention extroverts cannot imagine life.
But in addition to these varieties, there is a broader classification of accentuations.
Hyperthymic
Such people are cheerful, optimistic and very active. They have a lot of hobbies, hobbies, they never sit in one place and love to learn something new, learn something. They can cheer up others, support them and inspire them to action.
Strive for success and fame, recognition. Quite demonstrative, that is, they do something for show, for the sake of evaluation, praise. It is interesting to work with them, but not easy to work with, especially if you are subordinate to them.
Because hyperthymics are mobile and easily excitable, respectively, they do not always give an account of their actions and words, and are also considered a little irrational, sometimes preferring to be in their own fantasies than to notice reality.
distymny
Distimism is a property of the psyche to be mainly in a depressed state, sometimes even depressive. That is why among such people there are many who have made a successful suicide attempt.
This condition can be either temporary, caused by life’s troubles, or stable, long-term, which subsequently may be the cause of any mental illness.
It seems to a distimist person that his life is devoid of joy and lightness, that everyone around is more fortunate. He constantly worries about the future and is unable to cope with his fears. May rush into anger, then living through sadness, disappointment, and pain because of broken relationships.
He is closed, because he is afraid to open up and trust, slowly does the work and for a long time does not dare to make a choice, doubting its correctness.
Cycloid
The cycloid is distinguished by constant fluctuations between two states — depression or vice versa, inspiration. When they are in a good mood, they tend to be among people, confident in themselves and optimistic about the future.
In the opposite case, they experience uncertainty, depression and seek to retire in order to restore resources and gain strength.
They work in the same chaotic way, there is inspiration — they are able to move mountains, but if not, no one is able to force them to get together and start the task.
Such mood swings are exhausting and repulsive for people who cannot adapt to them in any way due to constant change.
Excitable
Such people do not know how to control their desires and usually follow their lead, which often leads to negative consequences. About which, by the way, they don’t worry at all in advance.
They live and make decisions guided by feelings and instincts, very rarely connecting logic and rationality. They are intolerant of others, and especially of their shortcomings.
They do not accept criticism, do not like to learn, and very often perform their duties in bad faith. This happens because, for example, they have some kind of need that urgently needs to be satisfied, but they have to work and withstand stress.
Excitable personalities often become instigators of conflicts and tend to violently sort things out. That is, they use slamming the door, demonstrative silence and even the collapse of objects.
stuck
Accumulate grievances, instead of declaring that they are not satisfied. Vindictive and vengeful. They divide people into enemies and friends, it is very easy to fall into the first category, one rash act or word is enough.
Jealousy is considered a distinctive feature, it is destructive for both partners, that is, the one who experiences it suffers and the one in relation to whom such “possessiveness” is manifested.
The traits that ensure success, such as assertiveness, self-confidence and the ability to defend one’s point of view no matter what, are pronounced. Therefore, they usually achieve colossal results in any profession.
Pedantic
They prefer to be in the shadows, rather than occupy leadership positions. Much attention is paid to trifles, sometimes excessive. If they do something, then for centuries, as they are conscientious and hardworking.
But they are intolerant, therefore they often grumble and lecture those who do not work so perfectly. They take a long time to make a decision, trying to make sure that it is one hundred percent correct. Due to scrupulousness, they are often considered boring.
They are stable and stable, so any change, even for the better, terrifies pedants. And force majeure can generally unsettle for a long time.
They try to avoid conflict situations, but in reality it does not work out, because not everyone is ready to endure moralizing.
Disturbing
The anxious type is the most insecure of all the rest. He constantly doubts and is afraid of something. Although for others it is completely imperceptible, since he does not share his experiences and tries to hide them.
He does not like to argue, because he does not know how to defend his point of view. Timid, especially in front of higher management, or a significant person. He silently endures if his boundaries are violated or injustice is shown. Executive, because he is afraid of condemnation and criticism.
Friendly to people, responsible, but completely helpless in the event of difficulties.
Demonstrative
As you might guess, the demonstrators love attention and seek it at any cost. They are distinguished by selfishness, hypocrisy and courtesy. These qualities are simply vital when building new relationships in order to be remembered, to impress.
Basically, they have extraordinary thinking, artistry, which distinguishes them from the crowd.
Sometimes they are overly self-confident, which repels and causes unpleasant emotions.
They do not feel remorse, if only because they quickly forget about their mistakes, trying not to focus on them.
Abilities
Abilities are such individual psychological characteristics of a person that ensure her success in any area of life. Moreover, success is determined by the presence of several abilities, not just one.
They develop from inclinations, provided that a person constantly practices and replenishes the stock of knowledge. The inclinations themselves are inherited, as they are determined by genes.
For example, if dad is a boxing champion, then his son is likely to be able to achieve the same results in sports. Of course, if he trains, only then it will be possible to talk about his abilities.
Most likely, because the genes of not only the father, but also the mother will be passed on to the child, and if she did not differ in aspirations for sports activities, the baby will significantly reduce the chance to repeat the exploits in boxing.
Classification
- Natural, that is, biologically determined. As mentioned above, hereditary inclinations plus training, practice and life experience result in the desired professional self-realization.
- Specific — provide life in a social environment and have a socio-historical origin. Distinguish:
- General (any type of activity) and special (success in a certain form);
- Theoretical (abstract-logical thinking) and practical;
- Educational. They affect the assimilation of new material, the processing of information, the formation of skills …
- Sociability, the ability to interact with people and find a common language with absolutely everyone.
By type of activity, mathematical abilities, artistic, artistic, literary, musical, sports, engineering, organizational, and so on are distinguished. According to the level of development, there is giftedness, talent and, of course, genius.
Feelings and emotions
Emotion is an experience that arises after the satisfaction, or vice versa, the dissatisfaction of a need. This is a reaction to any stimulus, which is able to form a first impression, which is often stable.
Feeling is a deeper and more complex experience than emotion. It can be felt for a long time, sometimes even for years, if you do not «work» with it.
For example, a person, having committed a crime, sometimes experiences guilt until the end of his life, until he decides to get rid of it with a specialist, realizing his mistakes and admitting them.
You can find out more about what feelings exist by clicking on this link.
Species classification
- Moral. Appear as an attitude to their own behavior, or the actions of other people. For example, in society there are a lot of unspoken and even public rules, such as violation of personal space, ethics …
- Intelligent. Associated with cognitive processes and are a product of mental activity. That is, it is curiosity, doubt, surprise, confidence, enthusiasm, and so on.
- Aesthetic arise as a consequence of the perception of objects. They display attitude towards them. Suppose, when a person admires nature or an object of art, he experiences delight, happiness, surprise, inspiration …
Will
Will is the ability of a person to control and regulate his behavior. Its essence is to help achieve success, realize your plans and intentions, and overcome obstacles.
It is characterized by such properties as purposefulness, perseverance, confidence, endurance and patience. If a strong-willed person has conceived something, then in spite of everything, he will stubbornly go towards his goal, even if the whole world is opposed to him.
He does not need support when he makes any decision. Yes, the recognition of other people is important to him, but he will not give in to his principles for the sake of obtaining their approval.
A strong-willed person is disciplined, hardy, courageous and energetic. She is not afraid of hard work and is ready to work almost without rest, if thanks to this she will be able to realize her dreams.
Studies by experts show that the will pushes a person to take decisive action, he is even ready to sacrifice his own interests for the sake of the interests of society.
If you want to increase your level of purposefulness, check out this article.
Completion
In conclusion, I want to recommend taking a test that will determine the presence of strong-willed qualities in you.
And that’s all for today, dear readers! Take care of yourself and be happy!
The material was prepared by a psychologist, Gestalt therapist, Zhuravina Alina