Independence does not exclude the solidarity of the individual with the group, but not due to pressure, but on the basis of conscious consent with it. In this regard, the uniformity of intra-group behavior provoked by conformity should be distinguished from the unity that arises due to the commonality of independently formed views, as well as from the normalization process natural for any group, which involves the mutual influence of all its members and finding a generally acceptable compromise. In addition, conformity as a way of behavior differs from suggestibility — uncritical acceptance of someone else’s point of view and submission (obedience), when a person changes his behavior in accordance with a direct indication of legitimate authority. The development of research on conformity, as well as on the issue of social influence in general, is associated with the development of the concept of the “active minority” proposed by S. Moskovia. According to this concept, conformity can be considered as a form of negotiations between an individual (minority) and a group (majority) involved in a conflict over the definition of some reality (for example, the truth of judgments, opinions, etc.). From this point of view, supported by the results of numerous experimental studies, along with conformity, i.e., the movement of the individual towards the group, another outcome of the named conflict is also possible, namely, the adoption by the majority or part of it of the position of the minority. The influence of the minority is determined by the style of its behavior (consistency, perseverance, consistency), as well as the peculiarities of the perception of the minority by the majority (in particular, the assessment of its competence, significance), the nature of the ideas defended, and other factors.
2022-05-30