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Hyperalbuminemia is an increase in the level of albumin in the blood. Albumins are protein fractions that circulate in the systemic circulation of every person. It is albumin that is considered the main blood protein, which is due to its functional load.
Albumin binds and transports various substances: bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, zinc, drug molecules, thyroid hormones. Therefore, it is not surprising that albumin accounts for up to 60% of all protein fractions of the blood.
Hyperalbuminemia rarely develops, but can characterize quite serious diseases. Therefore, with significant excesses of the norm of albumin in the blood, a person is prescribed a comprehensive examination and treatment.
Causes of hyperalbuminemia
True hyperalbuminemia does not occur in humans. A relative increase in the level of albumin in the blood occurs with the loss of intravascular fluid.
Therefore, the causes of hyperalbuminemia are:
Profuse diarrhea.
Intensified sweating.
Uncontrollable vomiting.
Diabetes insipidus.
Massive burns with a severe course.
Generalized peritonitis.
The level of albumin in the blood can increase when the patient is transfused with large volumes of donor concentrated protein (albumin solution of 20% concentration).
Symptoms of hyperalbuminemia
As such, there are no symptoms of hyperalbuminemia. They will characterize only the condition in which there is an increase in the level of protein in the blood. Since this occurs with massive fluid loss, the patient develops either diarrhea or vomiting. He may be thirsty and sweat a lot.
Burn disease is accompanied by burn shock and burn toxemia. The patient’s condition is very serious, possibly lack of consciousness and disturbances in the work of internal organs.
With generalized peritonitis, accompanied by hyperalbuminemia, inflammation of the entire peritoneum occurs. The patient has diffuse pains in the abdomen and severe intoxication.
Diagnosis of hyperalbuminemia
To diagnose hyperalbuminemia, the patient will need to donate blood from a vein.
Normal values of albumin in the blood vary depending on the age of the person:
In children under 14 years of age, the albumin level of 38-54 g / l is considered the norm.
For adults, the limits of the norm are 35-50 g / l.
For the elderly – 34-48 g / l.
If in the results of the analysis the level of albumin exceeds these indicators, then we can talk about hyperalbuminemia.
In order for the results of the analysis to be as reliable as possible, it is necessary to donate blood in the morning, on an empty stomach. You also need to give up intense physical training. The drinking regime must be observed in full.
Treatment of hyperalbuminemia
Since hyperalbuminemia is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of intravascular fluid loss, treatment should be aimed at restoring its lost volumes.
The patient must maintain an adequate drinking regimen. With diarrhea and vomiting, rehydration therapy is indicated using saline solutions, for example, Regidron. The drug is diluted in a liter of water and drunk in small portions. In parallel, etiotropic treatment should be carried out, aimed at eliminating the cause that caused diarrhea or vomiting. The patient may be prescribed intestinal antiseptics, gastric lavage, antibiotics, etc.
Massive burns are treated exclusively in a hospital setting. With peritonitis, antibiotic therapy is indicated. The issue of the operation is decided by the surgeon.