Manifesto of Humanistic Pedagogy
download video
Humanists today are often called those who want the best for children, but this is not true. Many wonderful people want good for children, but not all of them adhere to a humanistic approach. The humanists include J.-J. Russo, N.K. Krupskaya, V.A. Sukhomlinsky. But A.S. Makarenko, who was named the best teacher of the XNUMXth century by UNESCO, fought against the humanist ideology all his life. What kind of approach is this — a humanistic ideology?
In 1988, UNESCO named four educators who defined pedagogical thinking in the XNUMXth century. These are John Dewey, Georg Kershensteiner, Maria Montessori and Anton Makarenko.
Humanistic ideology in pedagogy (humanistic pedagogy) proceeds from the following assumptions:
- Every child has a positive core that needs only help to develop. (Interesting, see →)
- The child is born initially free. Freedom is given to us, every child owns it. The initial freedom of the child is an absolute value in itself, which cannot be exchanged for other, external, social values of others. (Here it is interesting to compare with Freedom and submission — the vision of S.I. Gessen)
- A child cannot be brought up within the framework of a certain worldview, everyone must develop their own worldview. (See Tolstoy about education)
- Nondirectiveness. In education, pressure, coercion and manipulation cannot be used, turning the child into an obedient puppet in the hands of the educator.
- The ideal of development is a free, creative and harmoniously developed personality, a personality with a uniform development of all its sides.
The humanistic approach in pedagogy opposes the disciplinary approach and is in favor of free education. Humanistic pedagogy is a field of the richest practical experience and a source of application for the developments of humanistic psychology. See →
Humanistic approach and free education
The course of free education prepared the birth of the humanistic approach, and at present it is the humanistic approach that has become the ideological basis of free education. However, not all varieties of free education fit into the humanistic approach. See →