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The human heart is an extraordinary organ that performs constant work. During a human lifetime, the average length of the shrinkage shrinks 2,5–3,5 billion times. But is it always so durable? How to strengthen the heart? We answer the most important questions about the heart.
It lies almost in the center – the so-called mediastinum, but 2/3 of this organ is located on the left side of the chest. The human heart is adjacent to the lungs from the left and right side.
At the bottom is the diaphragm and at the back is the spine. In turn, from the front there is a sternum and costal cartilages, which constitute a protective shield hearts.
Human heart – structure
The human heart is a reliable pump that pumps blood throughout the body. It is the most important element of the circulatory system, and its size is comparable to the size of its holder’s fist. It is built by transversely striated muscle tissue. The human heart is surrounded by a membrane – the pericardium – which protects the organ from friction during its activity. It has the shape of a flattened cone and consists of four parts – right and left ventricles and right and left atrium. It has arteries – thick and flexible blood vessels that allow blood to flow from the heart to the tissues.
Thanks to the veins equipped with valves, blood does not retreat and is transported under pressure from the tissues to the heart.
The thinnest blood vessels that facilitate its work are capillaries (also known as capillaries), which enable the exchange of substances between blood and cells. In turn, the coronary vessels supply nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle. Their clogging most often leads to a heart attack.
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Right and left atrium of the heart – structure and functions
The right atrium is where deoxygenated blood is collected. It flows into the superior and inferior vena cava, and the right ventricle pushes blood to the lungs. It flows out of it through the pulmonary trunk, which in turn divides into the right pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery. The blood circulation in this part of the organ is called small circulation.
In a small circulation, the blood is oxygenated, because in the lungs, gases are exchanged between the capillaries and the alveoli of the lungs – oxygen flows from the alveoli into the capillaries. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide escapes from the vessels into the bubbles.
The left atrium is the place where the oxygenated blood is collected. It flows there through the pulmonary veins. The left ventricle pushes blood to the entire body. In order to distribute it around the body and reach every cell, it has to leave the aorta (main artery). The circulation of blood to the left side of the heart is called peripheral (major) circulation. In this circulation, oxygen is transferred to cells, which are entwined by the most delicate of the arteries.
- Do you know all the functions of the circulatory system?
During this complicated process, the human heart rhythmically contracts and relaxes. When the atria contract, blood is pumped into the ventricles, while they remain relaxed. On the other hand, when the heart chambers contract, its atria are relaxed and blood is pumped into the arteries.
This complex work cycle takes about one second!
After this stage, this organ has a few milliseconds to rest to allow blood to flow back into the atria.
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In order for the human heart to do its job properly and efficiently, it needs valves. They cause the blood to flow in only one direction and not flow back to where it was pumped out.
The effect of the organ’s work is blood pressure as well as heart rate. This shows how often your heart is contracting. You can feel them, for example, by placing two fingers on the inside of the wrist.
Normal heart rate for a person who is resting is about 70 beats per minute. Blood pressure, on the other hand, is the force that blood exerts against the walls of all blood vessels. Its value is not uniform.
- What is normal blood pressure?
It changes during everyday activities, e.g. during physical exertion, under the influence of emotions – when we are strongly stressed, and also with age – the older the person, the higher the blood pressure. The upper limit of normal is 140/90, with the first value being systolic blood pressure and the second being diastolic blood pressure.
The human heart has its own automatism, thanks to which it stimulates itself to activity. There is a system called stimulus-conducting. It is made up of a group of heart muscle cells that can produce rhythmic nerve impulses that result in contractions. The efficiency of this system is best controlled by performing an EKG test, which records an electrical activity hearts.
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The most important functions of the heart
The most important function of the heart is to supply every cell in the body with the oxygen necessary for life, which reaches them with scarlet-colored blood as it travels from the left ventricle. In addition, the heart is called a suction-pressure pump, creating:
- Small bloodstream – blood with carbon dioxide flows into the right ventricle and then into the lungs, where it takes the oxygen and leaves the carbon dioxide behind;
- Large bloodstream – oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle and thanks to the capillaries it reaches each cell, supplying it with oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide.
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The heart develops in a fetus around 21 weeks of age. It works differently, however, because the lungs only start working after birth.
The fetus from the mother receives oxygenated blood along with nutrients. Next to the heart is the Botli tube that connects the left pulmonary artery to the left aorta, and the foramen oval that allows blood to flow from the left to the right atrium.
- Find out about the most common congenital heart defects
During labor, both the Botli tube and the foramen ovale close. This is because a newborn’s lungs, including the closed circulatory system, begin to function right away.
Heart disease – what is worth taking care of?
The human heart is exposed to various diseases. The most common are:
- Atherosclerosis – degenerative changes appear in the aorta, as well as in other arteries, which prevent the supply of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle;
- Coronary heart disease (coronary artery disease) – its main cause is precisely atherosclerosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), both atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are related to the patient’s age;
- Hypertension – a chronic disease that occurs when systolic blood pressure rises despite the fact that diastolic blood pressure remains normal;
- Heart rhythm disturbances – The electrical impulses responsible for the heart’s contractions are disrupted. The main symptoms include fainting, shortness of breath, fast heart rate, uneven heartbeat.
- Heart attack – myocardial necrosis caused by hypoxia. The main causes include rupture of the lamina that is part of the coronary vessel.
- Heart cancer – a cancerous tumor in the heart area is very difficult to diagnose, because small changes for a long time may not manifest themselves at all. The most frequently recurring symptoms include fainting frequently and abnormal heart rhythms;
- Pericarditis – Inflammation of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart can be the result of a long-term infection, including the flu. More often, pericarditis is diagnosed in immunocompromised people (eg AIDS).
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A cardiologist deals with the treatment of diseases and defects of the heart, as well as of the circulatory system. There are four basic cardiology specializations:
- Non-invasive cardiology – treatment of heart diseases and defects using non-invasive methods (eg ECG);
- Invasive cardiology – you do not need to open your chest when treating heart disease;
- Children’s cardiology – diagnosis and treatment of heart and circulatory system diseases in children;
- Cardiac surgery – surgical treatment of the heart.
Find out how to talk to a cardiologist
Tachycardia and bradycardia
There are two concepts connected with the concept of the heart:
- Tachycardia – increased heart rate. It can be caused by increased physical exertion, drinking strong coffee, or severe stress. It is also the main cause of cardiac arrhythmias;
- Bradycardia – slow heartbeat. The assumed limit is 50 heartbeats per minute.
Although the heart is a durable organ, it is worth strengthening it so as not to disturb its rhythm at a certain age. In this case, physical activity adapted to the body’s capabilities is very important.
Sport should be practiced for at least 150 minutes a week.
In addition, you should avoid stressful situations that affect the work of the heart, and give up smoking. The toxins contained in them not only damage the lungs, but also the work of the heart.
In addition to a healthy lifestyle, you can use dietary supplements for the heart. A heart diet supplement with coenzyme Q10 is available on Medonet Market. The offer also includes a set of heart dietary supplements with potassium, magnesium, B vitamins and vitamin E. Natural products will regenerate the heart and improve its work, also strengthen blood vessels and control cholesterol levels.
A diet for the heart
Appropriate diet is also essential if we want to avoid cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the daily menu should include fruits and vegetables containing vitamins and minerals. In addition, salt should be avoided, as well as high-calorie meals. It is worth supporting the diet with appropriate supplementation. Natural heart diet supplements are now available on Medonet Market.
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