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Fruit trees and berry bushes will only grow well and produce profusely if they feel comfortable. We tell you how to properly lay a garden on the site
Fruit trees and berry bushes will only grow well and bear fruit abundantly if they feel comfortable. And this is provided by three components: the right place on the site, the appropriate size of the landing pit and the initial top dressing.
Apple tree
| Place | sunny, elevated |
| Soils | any, except overly alkaline and very acidic |
| Landing scheme | 5х5 m |
| Pit size | 100×60 cm (hereinafter: the first digit is the diameter of the pit, the second is the depth) |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 4 – 5 buckets, wood ash – 5 – 6 cups, superphosphate – 1,5 cups, potassium sulfate – 1,5 cups |
Pear
| Place | sunny, flat, dry |
| Soils | any other than highly alkaline or highly acidic |
| Landing scheme | 5х5 m |
| Pit size | 100х60 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 3 – 4 buckets, superphosphate – 4 – 5 cups, potassium sulfate – 0,5 cups |
Plum, plum
| Place | sunny (shade is allowed in the morning or evening), even or elevated |
| Soils | clay and medium clay, that is, heavy and wet (from fruit crops, plum tolerates high soil moisture best of all) |
| Landing scheme | 3х3 m |
| Pit size | 80х40 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1,5 buckets, double superphosphate – 1,5 cups, potassium sulfate – 4 matchboxes, wood ash – 5 cups |
Cherry
| Place | sunny, elevated |
| Soils | loamy, gray, forest, chernozems |
| Landing scheme | 3х3 m |
| Pit size | 80х40 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 – 2 buckets, superphosphate – 2 cups, potassium sulfate – 2/3 cup |
Cherry
| Place | sunny, elevated, protected from the north winds (for example, near the south wall of the house) |
| Soils | light, fertile |
| Landing scheme | 3х3 m |
| Pit size | 70х60 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | 1,5 buckets, potassium sulfate – 2 matchboxes, superphosphate – 0,5 cups |
Sea buckthorn
| Place | sunny. Sea buckthorn is best planted on the border of the site, in a place where the soil is not dug up – the roots of this plant are located close to the surface of the soil, and they are easy to damage |
| Soils | light, sandy. On dense heavy soils, plants die |
| Landing scheme | 2х2 m |
| Pit size | 50х50 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1/3 bucket, superphosphate – 1,5 cups |
Honeysuckle
| Place | sunny. Grows well along the banks of ponds |
| Soils | light sandy or loamy, but can grow on waterlogged soils and sand |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 50х40 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1,5 buckets, superphosphate – 2 cups, potassium salt – 3,5 cups. |
Hawthorn
| Place | sunny, away from apple, cherry and plum trees – these plants have common pests |
| Soils | fertile, rich in lime |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 50х50 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1,5 buckets, nitrophoska – 5 tbsp. spoons |
Turner
| Place | can grow in any part of the garden, both in the shade and in the light, but it is most convenient to place it around the perimeter of the site as a hedge |
| Soils | moderately fertile, loose, moist (but the thorn does not tolerate stagnant water!) |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 50х50 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1/4 bucket, urea – 1/3 cup, ash – 1/3 cup. It is useful to put crushed eggshells at the bottom of the pit – this is a very useful natural fertilizer for the turn |
Currant (black, red), yoshta
| Place | sunny (can grow in partial shade, but will yield less yield) |
| Soils | light loose loams. Does not tolerate waterlogged soils! |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 45х45 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 bucket, superphosphate – 0,5 cups, potassium sulfate – 2 matchboxes |
gooseberries
| Place | sunny or partial shade, but always protected from the north and east winds |
| Soils | loose, fertile |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 50х50 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 bucket, double superphosphate – 2 tbsp. spoons, potassium sulfate – 2 tbsp. spoons |
Raspberry, blackberry
| Place | sunny, protected from strong winds, preferably one where a lot of snow accumulates in winter. The ideal option is along the fence or in the southern, southwestern part of the site. Raspberries should not be planted between rows of fruit trees. And it is also important that strawberries, potatoes and tomatoes do not grow nearby – they have common diseases and pests. |
| Soils | light loose loam |
| Landing scheme | 1,5х1,5 m |
| Pit size | 50х40 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 bucket, superphosphate – 5 matchboxes, potassium sulfate – 2 matchboxes (or wood ash – 4 cups) |
Aronia (chokeberry)
| Place | sunny, sublime (in the lowlands it suffers greatly from excess moisture) |
| Soils | fertile loamy and sandy |
| Landing scheme | 2,5х3 m |
| Pit size | 60х40 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 bucket, superphosphate – 1 cup, potassium salt – 2 matchboxes |
Henomeles (Japanese quince)
| Place | sunny, preferably one where a lot of snow accumulates in winter |
| Soils | fertile loams |
| Landing scheme | 1х2 m |
| Pit size | 50х50 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 1 – 2 buckets, superphosphate – 1,5 cups, ash – 5 cups |
Rowan
| Place | mountain ash is a rather tall tree, so it is better to plant it on the north side so as not to obscure the site |
| Soils | can grow on any, even poor soils, but still prefers fertile soils – light and medium loams that hold water well |
| Landing scheme | 4х4 m |
| Pit size | 60х60 cm |
| Fertilizers (per pit) | humus – 3,5 buckets, superphosphate – 1 cup |
How to dig planting holes
Pits for planting trees and shrubs need to be prepared in advance. The rule is this: for autumn planting, pits are dug in summer (no later than 20 – 30 days before planting), for spring – in autumn (1).
Pits for trees and shrubs are dug as follows: the upper, fertile layer of soil is folded on one side, the lower one on the other. From the ground you need to choose stones and rhizomes of weeds. The walls of the pit are made sheer, and the bottom is loosened on a spade bayonet.
Before planting a seedling, a mound of earth is poured in the center of the pit. Then the seedling is set on a mound, so that the root neck is flush with the soil. After that, the roots are carefully straightened down the mound and covered with soil: at the bottom of the pit – a fertile top layer, on top – the bottom. The soil is well trampled down with your feet.
When the tree is planted, earthen sides (2) are made along the edges of the pit – they will hold water when watering.
Immediately after planting, the seedling is watered, and the next day it is mulched with a layer of manure, peat or humus.
Popular questions and answers
We talked about planting fruit trees and berry bushes with agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.
When is the best time to plant trees and shrubs: in spring or autumn?
If you do not go into the nuances, and there are a lot of them, the basic rule is: it is better to plant pome trees (apple, pear) in the fall, stone fruits (plum, cherry plum, apricot, cherry, sweet cherry) – in the spring. Shrubs are also best planted in the spring.
Which sazhens are better: with OKS or ZKS?
Seedlings with an open root system (OCS) have only one advantage – they are cheaper. Of course, it is better to buy seedlings with a closed root system (ZKS), that is, in containers. They have a 100% survival rate.
When can seedlings be planted with ZKS?
Seedlings in containers are convenient in that they can be planted throughout the warm season – in fact, from mid-April to mid-October. And they are also good because they are easy to save until planting, even if it is planned in a few weeks, or even months – just put them on the balcony and water.
Sources of
- Kamshilov A. and a group of authors. Gardener’s Handbook // M .: State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, 1955 – 606 p.
- Lavrik P.I., Rybitsky N.A., Gavrilov I.S. Gardener’s desk book // L.: Lenizdat, 1972 – 568 p.