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Mushrooms are a group of edible mushrooms that have a rich composition and excellent taste. Usually they are collected in coniferous forests, in tall grass and clearings. Growing mushrooms is also possible in the garden. There are features that are taken into account in the breeding process. Mycelium grows in coniferous substrate. Mushrooms need warmth, high humidity and moderate light.
Is it possible to grow mushrooms in the country
Camelina is an agaric that is used in cooking around the world. It is characterized by a convex shape of the cap, which eventually becomes funnel-shaped. In young specimens, the edges are curved, but gradually they straighten out. Leg – powerful, regular cylindrical shape.
In nature, there are various varieties: common camelina, spruce, pine, Japanese, alpine. All of them have different habitats, sizes and colors. The color of the hat is both pink-yellow and bright red. The color of the stem is usually lighter in color.
In nature, mushrooms are found in coniferous forests. They prefer lighted areas: forest edges, young forest, hills, roadsides. They develop best in sandy soil, grow in groups in the forests of the Central region of Our Country, Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. They are harvested from June to October.
Conditions for growing mushrooms in the garden:
- light penumbra;
- good air circulation;
- moist acidified soil;
- no moisture retention.
Growing mushrooms at home is almost impossible. They require certain indicators of illumination, humidity, soil composition, which are as close as possible to natural ones. If some factors do not match, then the probability of obtaining a crop will decrease significantly.
How to grow mushrooms in the garden
To grow mushrooms on the site, you need to perform a number of steps. First, a suitable place is chosen for the mycelium and prepared for planting. Then they buy or get their own mycelium. For a good harvest, plantings are cared for.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
To breed mushrooms in a garden plot, it should be properly prepared. Sunny places are not suitable for landing, as is a thick shade. The best option is to plant mycelium next to a spruce or pine tree. The mushroom picker enters into a symbiosis with coniferous trees.
If pines or spruces do not grow nearby, it is recommended to prepare coniferous bedding. For this, 2 cubic meters are dug out of the forest. m of soil along with fallen needles.
At the site analyze the composition of the soil. If the soil is neutral or alkaline, then it must be acidified. It is best to use coniferous litter or sawdust. In such a substrate, the cultivation of camelinas will be most successful.
Compost is required for planting mushrooms. Any ready soil for plants, rich in peat, will do. Mycelium will develop in it. Additionally, you will need moss, fallen leaves and needles from the forest.
Sowing
For growing mushrooms, planting material is required. It is obtained in one of the following ways:
- collect mushrooms in the forest and subject them to processing;
- use purchased mycelium;
- transfer the mycelium along with the top layer of soil.
To get mycelium on their own, old mushrooms are collected in the forest. Hats are cut off from the legs, after which they are divided into small parts. The material is dried, after which they proceed to planting. Soaking the caps in warm water with sugar will help speed up the germination of the mycelium. After a day, the mass is kneaded with hands and used for sowing.
The second way to grow mushrooms is to buy ready-made mycelium. Ready-made substrates are commercially available that do not require special preparation. Usually the package is enough for planting next to one tree.
Immediately before planting, the material is soaked in the growth stimulator Baikal EM-1. This will improve the germination of mushrooms by 40 – 70%.
For successful cultivation of mushrooms, sowing is carried out from May to October. Mycelium is not planted in frozen soil: this will lead to its death. If frost has recently passed, then it is better to postpone work until the earth warms up.
The order of planting mushrooms using prepared mycelium:
- Next to the selected conifer, a hole of arbitrary shape is carefully dug. Its volume should be 2 – 3 liters. Try not to damage the roots of the tree. They retreat no more than 2 m from the trunk.
- Pour 1 liter of water into the recess. It is cleaned of plants and stones.
- When moisture is absorbed, the pit is 1/3 filled with compost: earth from coniferous forests or ready-made soil.
- Then the mycelium purchased or obtained independently is placed.
- Top with compost again.
- The landing site is sprayed with a spray bottle. Water consumption – 1 liter per well.
- The earth around the mycelium is also moistened, but at least 1 bucket of water is poured out.
- Fallen leaves, coniferous litter, moss are poured on top.
A more time-consuming growing process is to use mycelium from the forest. In the area where mushrooms grow, they dig a layer of earth 30×30 cm in size to a depth of 25 cm. During the work, it is important not to damage the integrity of the soil.
Previously, a hole is prepared on the site, where the excavated mycelium is immediately transferred. Work is best done in the morning or evening. Then the soil is watered with rainwater. The earth is transferred under the same trees under which it was in the forest.
Care
The mushrooms thrive in high humidity conditions. On average, they are watered every week. If precipitation occurs frequently, then additional moisture is not required. For each mycelium take 3 liters of water. It is best to use rain water. Do not allow the soil to dry out.
Redheads grow in warm and humid weather. If a drought or cold snap has set in, then humus up to 15 cm thick is poured onto the mycelium. The mulching layer retains moisture in the soil and serves as additional insulation.
In nature, mushrooms do without human intervention and do not require fertilizer. This is due to the presence of symbiotic relationships in nature. When growing mushrooms in the country, fertilizing is sure to be done.
Minerals are not used as fertilizer. Their excess negatively affects the growth of the mycelium. It is best to use biological stimulants. They are a complex of bacteria that are safe for humans and the environment. As a result, a favorable ecosystem for the development of mushrooms is created.
Biostimulants are introduced in the spring to activate the growth of mycelium. Use drugs Emistim, Biolan or Stimpo. The selected agent is diluted with water to obtain a solution with a concentration of 1%. They water the mushroom planting site. The biostimulator increases the yield of mushrooms, promotes the growth of mycelium, improves immunity, inhibits the development of mold and harmful fungus.
Processing is stopped after the appearance of the first mushrooms. Such a mycelium does not need additional feeding. Until the end of the planting season, water regularly.
Harvesting
When growing mushrooms, the first harvest is obtained the next year. The fruiting period is 5 – 6 years. Mushrooms begin to be collected in June. These dates depend on weather conditions and preparatory activities.
To prolong the life of the mycelium, it is watered with a solution of the Baikal EM-1 preparation. The product contains beneficial bacteria that stabilize the environment in which mushrooms grow. It also improves the regeneration of cells and tissues of the mycelium. With the help of the Baikal EM-1 stimulator, the fruiting of mushrooms increases up to 8 years.
Subject to the technology of growing camelina, from 5 to 15 specimens are collected from one tree per year. This is a small crop, but it is enough for personal needs. Therefore, such mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation on an industrial scale. Fruiting lasts until September.
The mushrooms are harvested when their hat takes on a funnel shape. Do not allow overripe fruiting bodies. If you do not harvest on time, then the fruiting bodies will become food for worms. The leg is carefully cut off at the base. At the same time, they try not to damage the mycelium.
Ryzhik have a wide scope. They are used for pickling and salting for the winter. In cooking, they are boiled or fried in a pan. This does not require long-term processing: it is enough to scald the fruiting bodies with boiling water. They go well with other foods as a side dish or salad, they can also be used as a layer on a casserole or cooked in pots.
Conclusion
Growing mushrooms on your site will allow you to collect a good harvest of mushrooms. At the same time, it is imperative to provide a number of conditions that are as close to natural as possible. After choosing a site, they begin landing. In the process of growing mushrooms, minimal care is required. Pay special attention to soil moisture.
