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Growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse in winter can be used as an idea for a business or for your own needs. To obtain a good harvest, the necessary conditions are provided, equipment and planting material are purchased.
Conditions for growing onions in a greenhouse
It is possible to ensure the active growth of onions subject to a number of conditions:
- daytime temperature – from +18 to +20°C;
- temperature at night – from +12 to +15 ° С;
- daylight hours – 12 hours;
- regular watering;
- frequent ventilation.
Greenhouse equipment
To maintain the necessary conditions, certain equipment for the greenhouse should be purchased. Its design is made of a wooden or metal frame.
A more affordable option is a wooden frame, however, before installation, its surface must be treated to prevent deformation. The metal frame is coated with an anti-corrosion primer or painted.
В качестве покрытия используется стекло, пленку или поликарбонат. Более надежным считается поликарбонат, способный поддерживать необходимый температурный режим.
Purchase of shelving
It is most convenient to grow onions in special racks. They can be placed in several rows and thereby increase the yield.
The width of the racks should be up to 35 cm. The soil warms up faster in them, which reduces the feather germination period. It is much more convenient to work with racks, because you do not need to bend over to the beds with plantings.
Installation of fixtures
You can provide the necessary level of lighting with the help of vertical lamps. It is best to use fluorescent lamps, which are designed specifically for lighting plants. Their power is 15-58 watts.
It is allowed to use LED lamps or strips. If lamps with a power of 20-25 W are used, then they are placed every 1,2 m.
It is best to put the greenhouse in a sunny area to save on lighting. However, additional lighting is indispensable due to the short daylight hours in winter.
Watering and heating
A prerequisite for deciding how to grow onions is the timely watering of plantings. For this, warm water is used, which has settled in barrels.
Heating devices are used to maintain the required temperature inside the greenhouse. One option is to equip the premises with electric or gas boilers. Their pipes are placed evenly around the perimeter of the greenhouse.
You can also install stove heating or electric heaters in the greenhouse. Ventilation is provided through vents. It is best to open them during thaws.
Choosing a bow for planting
For growing green onions in a greenhouse in winter, the following varieties of onions are chosen:
- Onion. It has been planted in greenhouses since March, and frost-resistant varieties are chosen. Boxes sized 40×60 cm are prepared for planting. If necessary, they can be quickly moved to a new location.
- Slug Bow. Differs in high palatability and frost resistance. The plant is demanding on the level of moisture, so you need to constantly monitor the moisture content of the soil.
- Onion-Batun. This is one of the most unpretentious types of onions, capable of germinating at any length of daylight hours. In the greenhouse, it is grown at any time of the year, and the forcing time is 2-4 weeks. After a month, its feathers become stiff and bitter.
- Shallot. This crop is especially demanding on moisture and fertilizing. It is not recommended to grow it several times in a row on the same soil.
- Onion multi-tiered. The plant got its name due to the formation of bulbs at the ends of the feathers, which give new greens. A multi-tiered onion does not have a dormant period and germinates at any time of the year. This variety is especially valued for frost resistance and early ripening.
- Leek. This type of onion is grown from seeds. The plant does not form a large bulb. For planting onions in a greenhouse, early ripening varieties are chosen, which are considered the most productive.
Preparation of planting material
How to grow onions depends largely on its variety. It is most convenient to plant bulbs, since this method requires a minimum of effort. When using seeds, the period required for cultivation increases. The seedling method involves the transfer of sprouts obtained at home to the greenhouse.
Planting seeds
This method is not in demand, because it takes a lot of time. For planting take young seeds, whose age is less than 2 years.
You can first evaluate the germination of seeds. First, 20 seeds are selected, which are wrapped in a damp cloth. If more than 80% has risen, then such material can be used for planting in the ground.
Then the seeds must be treated with a solution of manganese with a concentration of 1%. Planting material is placed in the prepared solution for 45 minutes.
The Epin solution will help improve germination. 100 drops of the drug are added to 2 ml of water, after which the seeds are immersed in the solution for 18 hours. The ambient temperature should remain 25-30°C.
After processing, the seeds are planted in the greenhouse. To do this, grooves are made in the ground with a depth of 1-1,5 cm.
Seedling use
Seedlings grow leeks. The first shoots are obtained at home. Seeds are planted in containers, watered and covered with foil. You can plant seeds for seedlings in peat pots.
После появления ростков емкости перемещают на подоконник. Для активного роста луку требуется повышенная дневная температура: +17…+21°С. Каждые две недели проводится подкормка лука компостом. Листья рассады нужно подрезать, чтобы осталось не более 10 см длины.
When the onion grows up, it is thinned out and transferred to a permanent place in the greenhouse. Planting is carried out when the sprouts reach a length of 15 cm.
Planting bulbs
The most effective method is to plant the bulbs directly into the soil of the greenhouse. First you need to select planting material. Small bulbs are suitable for planting.
You can increase the yield of onions by heating the planting material. During the day it is kept at a temperature of +40°C.
Then, with garden shears, cut off the neck of each bulb. So the plant will get access to oxygen and the growth of feathers will accelerate.
Soil preparation
Onions prefer sandy soil, which is fertilized with humus and peat. Before planting, it is recommended to dig the soil.
Fertilizers are required. Their number per square meter is:
- compost – 1 bucket;
- sodium chloride – 15 g;
- superphosphate – 30 g.
If garden soil is taken, then crop rotation must be taken into account. For onions, eggplants, beets, tomatoes, and carrots are the best precursors.
Instead of soil, small sawdust can be used to plant onions. They are light, hold moisture well and do not require replacement.
A layer of sawdust is poured onto racks or beds, ash and ammonium nitrate are poured on top. Due to the ash, the wood material is deoxidized, while the saltpeter saturates the bulbs with nitrogen. In this case, additional feeding is not applied.
Terms of planting
You can plant onions on a feather in a greenhouse at any time from October to April. If the necessary conditions are met, green feathers can be harvested after 20-30 days. The next batches are planted in 10-14 days, which will ensure an uninterrupted harvest.
Landing order
There are several ways to plant onions in a greenhouse or greenhouse. For planting in the ground choose a bridge or tape method. You can choose the hydroponics method and get a good harvest without using land.
bridge method
With the bridge method, the bulbs are planted close to each other so that there is no free space left. This method allows you to significantly save time and effort, since there is no need to dig beds, mulch the soil and weed weeds.
Using the bridge method, it is convenient to plant bulbs in boxes or on racks. First you need to apply fertilizer to the soil. For each square meter of such beds, about 10 kg of planting material is required.
Tape method
With the tape method of planting, onions are placed in prepared furrows before winter in a greenhouse. Between the bulbs leave up to 3 cm, and between rows – 20 cm.
In the tape method, you can plant not only bulbs, but also seeds. When using seed material, seedlings must be thinned out.
Hydroponics
To grow onions in hydroponics, you need to purchase special equipment. They include containers that fill with water, a lid with holes for onions, and a compressor with a sprayer.
You can make such an installation yourself. The optimal dimensions of the tank for growing onions are 40×80 cm. The height of such a container is 20 cm.
When the roots germinate, the water temperature is maintained at 20°C. To stimulate feather growth, the temperature is raised to 25°C. You can provide the necessary indicators due to the heater for the aquarium.
The lid should fit snugly against the tank, which will prevent light from reaching the onion root system. Bubbling with a compressor is carried out for 6-12 hours.
Growing on mats
Another option is to grow onions in a greenhouse on special mats that are impregnated with fertilizer. Bulbs are placed close to each other.
First, mats with planted onions are left in a cool, dark place. In the greenhouse, you can cover them with a cloth. After 10 days, when the roots germinate, the plants are provided with the necessary indicators of temperature and light. Periodically, the mats are watered with fertilizer intended for hydroponics.
Care for onions
One part of the process of how to grow green onions in a greenhouse is to ensure proper care. This includes the following activities:
- Immediately after planting, the onion should be watered abundantly. For the formation of the root system, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of 20 ° C.
- After two weeks, plantings are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This treatment avoids the spread of mold, diseases and pests.
- The next day, dry, rotten and weak bulbs that are unable to give a good harvest should be eliminated. The temperature in the greenhouse must be raised to 23°C.
- Periodically, the greenhouse room is ventilated without creating drafts.
- Greenhouse onions are watered every week with warm water.
In the process of forcing, onions do not require top dressing, since all the necessary fertilizers have already been applied to the soil. Additional fertilization is necessary in cases where pale and thin feathers appear.
To make the onion grow faster, it is fed every 10 days. The last treatment is done 10 days before harvest. For these purposes, fertilizers “Vermistim”, “Humisol”, etc. are used.
The crop is harvested when the feathers have reached 35 cm. For sale, onions are packed in 50 g each and wrapped in cling film.
Conclusion
Лук считается неприхотливой культурой, которая дает зеленые перья даже при отсутствии идеальных условий. В зимнее время можно выращивать различные виды лука, у которых отсутствует период покоя. Для поддержания необходимого микроклимата в теплице оборудуют освещение, систему полива и отопления.
Зимой проще всего высаживать луковицы, что позволяет ускорить период образования перьев. Сначала посадочный материал обрабатывают, чтобы укорить выгонку лука. Посадка производится в подготовленный грунт, опилки или гидропонную систему. Лук регулярно поливают, а при необходимости подкармливают.
The process of growing onions in a greenhouse is described in the video:
