Contents
Mushroom harvesting begins in summer. On the edges of mixed forests you can find boletus. These are mushrooms that are in second place after the porcini mushroom in terms of taste. Everyone can grow boletus in the country if they do the preparatory work in advance.
Is it possible to grow boletus in the country
Boletus are found on the territory of the European part of Our Country, as well as in Canada, European countries. The peculiarity of the existence of this species is the presence of a birch forest near the growth zone: thanks to the ability to form mycorrhiza with the root system of these trees, a variety of mushrooms got its name.
This symbiotic relationship allows the fruiting bodies to receive a lot of nutrients from the roots of the tree. Mushrooms, in turn, help birches absorb enough moisture from the soil. This union is ultimately beneficial for the two cultures.
Growing boletus in the country becomes possible subject to certain rules:
- creation of conditions on the open ground, close to natural;
- use of spores or grain mycelium;
- maintaining soil moisture.
For growing in the country, it is recommended to choose places near birches or fruit trees in the garden.
Boletus cultivation technology
Boletus mushrooms are grown in open ground in the country. The mushroom picker grows subject to all requirements. For cultivation, a sunny area is chosen, a pit is prepared, the depth of which should not be more than 30 cm.
Any method of planting is suitable for growing in the country: in separate holes with a diameter of 30 cm or by creating a common recess of 20 cm, 2 m long and XNUMX m wide.
The bottom of the hole is covered with birch sawdust or leaves. The thickness of the first layer should be at least 10 cm. For the second layer, humus is taken, optimally – from the surface of the mycelium of boletus growing on the territory of forest edges. It is collected in plastic containers or canvas bags and transported to be used for summer cottages. The peculiarity of this layer is the presence of elements characteristic of the natural habitat of boletus boletus. An alternative option for growing mushrooms in a summer cottage can be pre-prepared and ripened compost.
A layer of humus is covered with grain mycelium of the fungus. Then again covered with leaves and sawdust. The final stage is the creation of an upper layer of dacha soil with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm. The resulting planting structure is watered with warm rainwater.
The main difficulty in cultivating this type of mushroom in the country is to create mycelium and determine the correct amount. Boletus planting material is bought ready-made in specialized stores or made independently.
Mycelium is necessary for the mycelium to appear above the top layer of the substrate. Such material is prepared from fungal spores by placing them in a nutrient medium.
Options for creating a nutrient medium in a summer cottage:
- Agar based on carrot extract. For preparation, take 600 ml of water, 400 ml of carrot extract, 15 g of agar.
- Based on oatmeal. It will take 1 liter of water, 300 g of flour, 15 g of agar.
Spores are soaked in the prepared nutrient mixture and harvested for germination for 10-14 days. The place should be warm and dark without possible penetration of sunlight.
Growing boletus in open ground
There are features of growing boletus on the territory of open ground.
At the selected site of the dacha, garbage is preliminarily cleared, then a landing hole is dug under the crowns of trees.
The prepared planting holes are filled with soil layers, then sprouted mycelium is scattered on the prepared compost. It is covered with summer cottage land and watered with settled water.
To grow boletus in the country in the open field, you must use special fertilizers that can be purchased at the store. To do this, 5 g of the product is diluted with 10 liters of water and watered with mycelium, thus replacing soil moisture with liquid top dressing.
The main condition for growing boletus in the country with successful reproduction of the mycelium is to maintain the humidity of the plantings. For this purpose, the planted mycelium of the fungus is covered with a 30-centimeter layer of straw, which is also constantly additionally moistened. A layer of mulch retains high humidity, preventing water from quickly evaporating from the surface of the earth.
Before the onset of frost, the mushroom area is additionally protected with spruce branches or fallen leaves. Covering material is removed only with the onset of heat.
Growing boletus at home
The cultivation of boletus is carried out not only in the country, but also at home in a large pot. The condition for such cultivation is the ability to provide mushrooms with a strong connection with other indoor crops. The best option is a domestic lily, the roots of which are most suitable for the mycelium of the fungus.
For home cultivation, mushrooms are harvested in the forest. Choose whole intact specimens with a large developed hat, inside which there is an increased number of spores necessary for further reproduction.
The collected planting material is washed, then crushed. The leg is not used for these purposes, only the cap is taken, since it is in it that the spore powder is contained.
From 50 g of yeast and 4 liters of water, a nutrient mixture is created for further reproduction of spores. 2 – 3 chopped mushrooms are soaked in water, yeast is added, mixed. The container with the prepared mixture is removed for 10-14 days in a warm place. After 10-14 days, the mixture is stirred from the bottom up and the mycelium is separated.
The next stage of growing boletus is the preparation of a landing tank. To do this, use dense plastic containers or shallow buckets. The compost prepared in advance is laid out in containers, then the resulting grain mycelium is distributed. From above – again compost, 5 cm thick. Boxes with plantings are covered with a dense, air-tight fabric.
For watering, the fabric is detached, in the first week a spray bottle is used. The temperature inside the structure must be at least +24 °C. Only when maintaining the temperature regime, the mycelium is able to germinate in the prepared substrate. After 14 days, the crops are opened, while the temperature drops to + 18 ° C.
Planting boxes are left on glazed balconies or verandas with the condition of mandatory ventilation. The main requirement for growing boletus at home is to maintain an optimal temperature regime and constantly moisten the substrate.
Harvesting
In order to stimulate the development of mycelium when growing boletus in the country, follow the basic rules:
- The fruit body is recommended to be removed from the ground by loosening and twisting the legs. This is necessary so that its part, combined with the root, remains in the ground.
- After pulling out the boletus from the substrate, the resulting hole is sprinkled with dacha soil or a rotted leaf of a tree.
- When harvesting, only single fruiting bodies are twisted. If the boletus accumulate in groups, pressing on each other, they are cut with a knife at an acute angle above the ground. The resulting stump is immediately sprinkled with garden soil.
Mushroom mushrooms after such a collection are not damaged, but begin to recover. Then a new crop stage is formed.
After the collection, the fruiting bodies are inspected, impurities are removed, and a few millimeters of the stem are additionally cut off. Then the boletus is soaked for 20 – 30 minutes. and start cooking.
Conclusion
It is quite possible to grow boletus in the country. The most suitable place for cultivation will be the area next to the tree of the same name. For successful cultivation, high-quality collection and rooting of mycelium is necessary. Subject to this condition, you can get a good harvest of boletus.
