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How to determine a child’s blood group by parents, how it is transmitted
The blood group of a newborn is a hereditary factor. This sign can be identified by knowing the data of his father and mother. How to determine the child’s blood group by parents and why is it needed?
How to determine the child’s blood group by parents?
A blood group study method based on the analysis of parental data can be useful if there are controversial points about the paternity of a child. This information will help calculate the likelihood of developing hemolytic disease in the newborn. A deadly disease occurs when the parent and child are incompatible in the group or Rh factor.
The division of blood into groups depends on the presence or absence of special proteins in erythrocytes – agglutinogens. There are two types of them, which are usually labeled A and B. If there are no such proteins, then the blood group is called the first. The presence of type A agglutinogens speaks of the second group, B – from the third. The presence of both types of proteins implies a fourth group. That is why blood groups are indicated in medical documents as follows: – the first – I (0); – the second – II (A); – the third – III (B); – the fourth – IV (AB).
Rh factor is an antigen protein contained in erythrocytes. Its presence in blood cells is noted as a positive Rh factor, its absence is noted as negative. Information about this antigen should be known to both parents in order to avoid Rh-conflict. The risk of it increases if the dad has Rh with a plus sign, the mom is negative, and the baby has inherited the father’s antigen.
How is blood type transmitted to a child
The dependence of the inheritance of the blood group can be traced. Do both parents have I (0)? Their children are 75% likely to inherit the same. The heir to the parents with the second group will receive a similar one in 0 percent of cases. But a quarter of babies have a chance to be born with I (XNUMX). With III (B), in both parents, three quarters of babies are born with the same group, a quarter with the first.
If mom and dad are carriers of both types of IV (AB) proteins, things are more complicated. Only half of the children born to such parents inherit the composition of their blood. The rest have an equal chance of getting II (A) or III (B).
It is possible to identify the pattern of genetic transmission with different blood groups in parents. If the mother has the first group, and the father has the second or third (or vice versa), then the baby will inherit one of them. The combination of mother’s I (0) and father’s IV (AB) always results in either II (A) or III (B) in a newborn. They cannot have either the fourth or the first group. The same happens if dad has I (0) and mom IV (AB).
When a baby is born to parents with II (A) and IV (AB), he has a 50 percent chance of receiving blood of the second group. But the child may also have III (B) or IV (AB). And if one of the parents is a carrier of II (A), and the other is III (B), it is unrealistic to calculate the blood group of their offspring. Any option can be. It is interesting that a person with the fourth blood group, no matter who he marries, will never have an heir with the first.
The Rh factor is also genetically determined: – A couple with positive rhesus can have a baby with or without the presence of an antigen. – If the parents have this indicator with a minus sign, the baby will also have a similar one. – With different Rh factors, the baby will inherit one of the parents.
When planning a large family, a young couple should take into account the inheritance of both blood type and Rh factor. In case of doubts about paternity or the need for blood transfusion, only theoretical calculation should not be taken into account. It is necessary to conduct a laboratory study. Parents and children take tests, the blood type is calculated as accurately as possible.
jaz kot mati sem Rhd+0 oče je AB katera sta sin in hcerka